Essential Utilities, Inc.

k Factors

Please review the risks disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, under “Part 1, Item 1A – Risk Factors”, to which there have been no material changes except as supplemented by the following:

Risks Related to the Proposed Merger

The market price of shares of Essential Common Stock or American Water Common Stock will fluctuate and the Exchange Ratio will not be adjusted to reflect such fluctuations, and as a result, the Merger Consideration at the date of the closing of the Merger may vary significantly from the date the Merger Agreement was executed.

Upon completion of the Merger, each outstanding share of Essential Common Stock will be converted into the right to receive 0.305 shares of American Water Common Stock. The number of shares of American Water Common Stock to be issued pursuant to the Merger Agreement for each share of Essential Common Stock will not change to reflect changes in the market price of American Water Common Stock or Essential’s Common Stock. The market price of Essential Common Stock and American Water Common

Stock at the time of completion of the Merger may vary significantly from the price on the date the Merger Agreement was executed and/or the date or dates of special shareholder meetings to be held in connection with the Merger. Because we may not complete the Merger until a significant period of time has passed after these dates, the market value of American Water Common Stock issued in connection with the Merger and the Essential Common Stock surrendered in connection with the Merger may be higher or lower than the values of those shares on earlier dates. Stock price changes may result from market assessment of the likelihood that the Merger will be completed, changes in our or American Water’s business, operations or prospects prior to or following the Merger, litigation or regulatory considerations, reactions from the financial markets or analysts, general business, market, industry or economic conditions and other factors both within and beyond our and American Water’s control, including the risks, uncertainties and other factors described in “Part 1, Item 1A – Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and in our other SEC filings, and those described in American Water’s SEC filings. Neither we nor American Water may terminate the Merger Agreement solely because of changes in the market price of either company’s common stock.

The Merger is subject to various closing conditions, including the receipt of consents and approvals from various governmental and regulatory entities and third parties, and a failure to obtain all such consents or approvals or to satisfy such other closing conditions could prevent or delay the completion of the Merger or impose conditions that could have a material adverse effect on us or the combined company.

We anticipate that, subject to the receipt of all required regulatory and other consents and approvals and the satisfaction or waiver of all other closing conditions, the Merger will be completed in the first quarter of 2027. Among other closing conditions, completion of the Merger is conditioned upon the receipt of such required consents, orders and approvals from various governmental and regulatory entities and other third parties, including public utility commissions in certain states in which either or both companies operate, including without limitation the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission. The Merger is also subject to review under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, and the expiration or earlier termination of the waiting period (and any extension of the waiting period) applicable to the Merger is a condition to closing the Merger.

Approvals by shareholders of each of American Water and the Company will also be required to complete the Merger. We and American Water cannot provide any assurance that all of the required consents, orders and approvals will be obtained or that these consents, orders or approvals will not be conditioned on terms, conditions or restrictions that would be detrimental to the combined company after the completion of the Merger, including requiring one or both companies to dispose of certain assets. One or both company’s shareholders may not approve the Merger. The Merger Agreement allows, subject to certain conditions, limitations and exclusions, each party to terminate the Merger Agreement (and generally without the payment of a termination fee to the non-terminating party) if the final terms of any of the required regulatory consents, orders or approvals would result in or require an undertaking of efforts or the taking of action that would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a “Burdensome Effect” (as defined in the Merger Agreement). Any substantial delay in obtaining satisfactory consents, orders or approvals, or the imposition of any requirements, terms or conditions in connection with a party’s obtaining such consents, orders or approvals, could be on terms that we or American Water do not believe to be reasonable or could cause a material reduction in the expected benefits of the Merger and/or an impairment or deterioration in our or American Water’s relationships with their respective applicable public utility commissions. If any such delays or conditions are significant enough, one or both parties may decide to abandon the Merger and terminate the Merger Agreement, subject to its terms. If the Merger is not completed, our ongoing businesses may be adversely affected, including, as follows:

•having to pay certain significant costs relating to the Merger without receiving the benefits of the Merger, including, in certain circumstances, a payment by us to American Water of a termination fee of $370 million;

•diversion of management’s attention from day-to-day operations;

•not pursuing other strategic transactions that we may have otherwise considered had we not entered into the Merger Agreement with American Water;

•we will have been subject to certain restrictions on the conduct of our ongoing businesses, which may have prevent us from making certain acquisitions or dispositions or pursuing certain business opportunities while the Merger was pending; and

•the price of Essential Common Stock may decline to reflect assumptions by the market as to whether the Merger will be completed.

The Merger may cause suppliers, strategic partners, certain customers or others to delay or defer decisions regarding our business, and may adversely affect our ability to effectively manage our business.

The Merger will happen only if stated conditions are satisfied, including the receipt of the requisite shareholder approvals and the receipt of regulatory approvals, among other conditions. Many of the conditions are outside the parties’ control, and both parties also have certain rights to terminate the Merger Agreement. Accordingly, there may be uncertainty regarding the completion of the Merger. This uncertainty, or any disagreement with the decision to enter into the Merger Agreement, may cause our suppliers, vendors, strategic partners, certain customers or others that deal with us to delay or defer entering into contracts or make other decisions concerning us, or to seek to change or cancel existing business relationships. Any delay or deferral of those decisions or changes in existing agreements or relationships could have a material adverse effect on us and our financial condition and results of operations.

The Merger Agreement contains provisions that limit our and American Water’s ability to pursue certain alternatives to the Merger, which could discourage a potential acquirer of either American Water or us from making an alternative transaction proposal and, in certain circumstances, could require us or American Water to pay to the other party a significant termination fee.

Under the Merger Agreement, we and American Water are each restricted, subject to limited exceptions, from entering into certain alternative transactions in lieu of the Merger. In general, unless and until the Merger Agreement is terminated, we and American Water are restricted from, among other things, soliciting, initiating, knowingly encouraging or knowingly facilitating the making of a proposal that is or would reasonably be expected to lead to a competing acquisition proposal from any person. Each of our and American Water’s board of directors is limited in its ability to change its recommendation with respect to the Merger and related proposals. We and/or American Water may terminate the Merger Agreement and enter into an agreement with respect to a superior proposal only if specified conditions have been satisfied, including compliance with the non-solicitation provisions of the Merger Agreement. These provisions could discourage a third party that may have an interest in acquiring all or a significant part of us or American Water from considering or proposing such an acquisition, even if such third party were prepared to pay consideration with a higher per share cash or market value than the consideration proposed to be received or realized in the Merger, or the competing transaction might result in a potential acquirer proposing to pay a lower price than it would otherwise have proposed to pay because of the added expense of the termination fee that may become payable in certain circumstances. Under the Merger Agreement, in the event the Merger Agreement is terminated to accept a superior proposal, or under certain other circumstances, American Water would be required to pay a termination fee of $835 million to us in the case of a termination of the Merger Agreement by it, and we would be required to pay a termination fee of $370 million to American Water in the case of a termination of the Merger Agreement by us.

We may be the target of securities class action and derivative lawsuits which could result in substantial costs and may delay or prevent the Merger from being completed.

Securities class action lawsuits and derivative lawsuits are often brought against companies that have entered into a merger agreement. Even if these lawsuits are without merit, defending against these claims can result in substantial costs to the parties to the merger agreement and divert management time and resources. Additionally, if a plaintiff is successful in obtaining an injunction prohibiting the completion of a merger, that injunction may delay or prevent such merger from being completed.

If completed, the Merger may not achieve its anticipated results, and American Water may not be able to integrate our operations and/or operate the combined company in the manner expected.

We and American Water entered into the Merger Agreement with the expectation that the Merger will result in various benefits, including, among other things, increased efficiencies of scale and size, increased geographic diversity, greater long-term growth opportunities for employees of the combined company, and other operating efficiencies. Achieving the anticipated benefits of the Merger is subject to a number of uncertainties, including whether our and American Water’s businesses can be integrated in an efficient, effective and timely manner.

American Water could have difficulty integrating our assets, personnel and operations with its own. We anticipate that the integration of the two companies may ultimately be complex, and expect that significant time and resources will be devoted to this integration process. Risks and uncertainties that could impact the integration and combined company negatively include:

•unforeseen or significant difficulties in integrating the two companies and their assets, operations, cultures and employees;

•the potential disruption of the ongoing businesses and distraction of our and American Water’s management;

•changes in our or American Water’s business focus and/or management;

•risks related to American Water owning, operating, maintaining and successfully managing our natural gas distribution business, including any increased risks and liabilities associated with the operation of that business;

•difficulties in establishing and/or maintaining uniform standards, systems, controls, procedures and policies, including accounting and financial reporting, across both of the integrated companies, or merging or linking disparate ones;

•the potential impairment of relationships with employees and partners as a result of any integration of new management personnel;

•the potential inability to manage an increased number of locations and employees; and

•the effect of any government regulations which relate to our business, including with respect to jurisdictions in which American Water’s regulated businesses currently do not operate.

It is possible that the integration process could take longer than anticipated and could result in the loss of valuable employees, the disruption of each company’s ongoing businesses, processes and systems or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures, practices, policies and compensation arrangements, any of which could adversely affect the combined company’s ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the Merger as and when expected. The combined company may have difficulty addressing possible differences in corporate cultures and management philosophies, and the various management and corporate governance constructs provided for in the Merger Agreement to govern the combined company, including with respect to the board of directors of the combined company, may not operate successfully as intended or desired. Failure to achieve these anticipated benefits could result in increased costs or decreases in the amount of expected revenues and otherwise adversely affect the combined company’s future business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.

The companies may incur substantial and/or unexpected transaction fees and Merger-related costs in connection with the Merger.

We and American Water expect to incur substantial non-recurring expenses associated with completing the Merger, as well as expenses related to combining the operations of the two companies. The combined company may incur additional unanticipated costs in the integration of the companies’ businesses. Although we expect that the elimination of certain duplicative costs, as well as the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the two businesses, will offset some or all of the incremental transaction and Merger-related costs over time, the combined company may not achieve this net benefit in the near term, or at all.

Current shareholders of each company will have reduced ownership and voting interests in their respective companies after the Merger.

It is estimated that our current shareholders and American Water’s shareholders would own approximately 31% and 69% of the outstanding shares of American Water Common Stock, respectively, on a fully diluted basis immediately following the consummation of the Merger. Our and American Water’s shareholders currently have the right to vote for their respective directors and on other matters affecting their company. If the Merger occurs, each shareholder of the Company who receives shares of American Water Common Stock will become a shareholder of American Water with a percentage ownership of the combined company that will be smaller than the shareholder’s percentage ownership of the Company. Correspondingly, upon the completion of the Merger, each holder of American Water Common Stock will remain a shareholder of American Water but with a percentage ownership of the combined company that will be smaller than the shareholder’s percentage of ownership immediately prior to the Merger. As a result of these reduced ownership percentages, our former shareholders will have less voting power in the combined company than they now have with respect to the Company, and American Water’s shareholders will have less voting power in the combined company than they now have with respect to American Water.

Item 5 - Other Infor