NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORP DC

We define liquidity as the ability to convert assets into cash quickly and efficiently, maintain access to available funding and roll-over or issue new debt under normal operating conditions and periods of CFC-specific and/or market stress, to ensure that we can meet borrower loan requests, pay current and future obligations and fund our operations in a cost-effective manner. We provide additional information on our liquidity risk-management framework under “Item 7. MD&A—Liquidity Risk—Liquidity Risk Management” in our 2024 Form 10-K.

In addition to cash on hand and investment securities, our primary sources of funds include member loan principal repayments, committed bank revolving lines of credit, committed loan facilities under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program, a revolving note purchase agreement with Farmer Mac and proceeds from debt issuances to members and in the public capital markets. Our primary uses of funds include loan advances to members, principal and interest payments on borrowings, periodic interest settlement payments related to our derivative contracts and operating expenses.

Available Liquidity

As part of our strategy in managing liquidity risk and meeting our liquidity objectives, we seek to maintain various committed sources of funding that are available to meet our near-term liquidity needs. Table 15 presents a comparison between our available liquidity, which consists of cash and cash equivalents, our debt securities investment portfolio and amounts under committed credit facilities, as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024.

Table 15: Available Liquidity

(1)Represents the aggregate fair value of our portfolio of debt securities as of period end. Our portfolio of equity securities consists primarily of preferred stock securities that are not as readily redeemable; therefore, we exclude our portfolio of equity securities from our available liquidity.

(2)The committed bank revolving line of credit agreements consist of a three-year and a four-year revolving line of credit agreement. The accessed amount of $2 million as of both August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, relates to letters of credit issued pursuant to the four-year revolving line of credit agreement.

(3)The committed facilities under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program are not revolving.

(4)Availability subject to market conditions.

Although as a nonbank financial institution we are not subject to regulatory liquidity requirements, our liquidity management framework includes monitoring our liquidity and funding positions on an ongoing basis and assessing our ability to meet our scheduled debt obligations and other cash flow requirements based on point-in-time metrics as well as forward-looking projections. Our liquidity and funding assessment takes into consideration amounts available under existing liquidity sources, the expected rollover of member short-term investments and scheduled loan principal payment amounts, as well as our continued ability to access the capital markets and other non-capital market related funding sources.

Liquidity Risk Assessment

We utilize several measures to assess our liquidity risk and ensure we have adequate coverage to meet our liquidity needs. Our primary liquidity measures indicate the extent to which we have sufficient liquidity to cover the payment of scheduled debt obligations over the next 12 months. We calculate our liquidity coverage ratios under several scenarios that take into consideration various assumptions about our near-term sources and uses of liquidity, including the assumption that maturities of member short-term investments will not have a significant impact on our anticipated cash outflows. Our members have historically maintained a relatively stable level of short-term investments in CFC in the form of daily liquidity fund notes, commercial paper, select notes and medium-term notes. As such, we expect that our members will continue to reinvest their excess cash in short-term investment products offered by CFC.

Table 16 presents our primary liquidity coverage ratios as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024 and displays the calculation of each ratio as of these respective dates based on the assumptions discussed above.

Table 16: Liquidity Coverage Ratios

(1)Calculated based on available liquidity at period end divided by total debt scheduled to mature over the next 12 months at period end.

(2)Total available liquidity is presented above in Table 15.

(3)Calculated based on available liquidity at period end divided by debt, excluding member short-term investments, scheduled to mature over the next 12 months.

(4)Member short-term investments include commercial paper sold directly to members, selected notes, daily liquidity fund note and short-term medium-term notes sold to members. See Table 18: Short-Term Borrowings — Funding Sources below for additional information.

As presented in Table 16 above, our available liquidity of $6,950 million as of August 31, 2024 was $499 million below our total scheduled debt obligations over the next 12 months of $7,449 million, consisting of short-term borrowings and long-term and subordinated debt. The short-term borrowings scheduled maturity amount consists of member investments of $3,328 million and dealer commercial paper of $1,089 million. The long-term and subordinated scheduled debt obligations over the next 12 months of $3,032 million consist of debt maturities and scheduled debt payment amounts, of which, $163 million was from member investments.

We believe we can continue to roll over our member short-term investments of $3,328 million as of August 31, 2024, based on our expectation that our members will continue to reinvest their excess cash in short-term investment products offered by CFC. As mentioned above, our members historically have maintained a relatively stable level of short-term investments in CFC. Member short-term investments in CFC have averaged $3,503 million over the last 12 fiscal quarter-end reporting periods. Our available liquidity as of August 31, 2024 was $2,829 million in excess of, or 1.7 times over, our total $4,121 million scheduled debt obligations over the next 12 months, excluding member short-term investments. In addition, we expect to receive $1,598 million from scheduled long-term loan principal payments over the next 12 months.

We expect to continue accessing the dealer commercial paper market as a cost-effective means of satisfying our incremental short-term liquidity needs. Although the intra-quarter amount of dealer commercial paper outstanding may fluctuate based on our liquidity requirements, our intent is to manage our short-term wholesale funding risk by maintaining the dealer commercial paper outstanding at each quarter-end within a range of $1,000 million to $1,500 million. To mitigate commercial paper rollover risk, we expect to continue to maintain our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements and be in compliance with the covenants of these agreements so we can draw on these facilities, if necessary, to repay dealer or member commercial paper that cannot be refinanced with similar debt. Under master repurchase agreements we have with our bank counter parties, we can obtain short-term funding in secured borrowing transactions by selling investment-grade corporate debt securities from our investment securities portfolio subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities at an agreed-upon price and date.

The issuance of long-term debt, which represents the most significant component of our funding, allows us to reduce our reliance on short-term borrowings, as well as effectively manage our refinancing and interest rate risk. We expect to continue to issue long-term debt in the public capital markets and under our other non-capital market debt arrangements to meet our funding needs and believe that we have sufficient sources of liquidity to meet our debt obligations and support our operations over the next 12 months.

Investment Securities Portfolio

We have an investment portfolio of debt securities classified as trading and equity securities, both of which are reported on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Our debt securities investment portfolio totaled$231 million and$281 million as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively, and is intended to serve as an additional source of liquidity. Under master repurchase agreements that we have with counterparties, we can obtain short-term funding by selling investment-grade corporate debt securities from our investment portfolio subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities at an agreed-upon price and date. Because we retain effective control over the transferred securities, transactions under these repurchase agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing agreements (i.e., secured borrowings) and not as a sale and subsequent repurchase of securities. The obligation to repurchase the securities is reflected as a component of our short-term borrowings on our consolidated balance sheets. The aggregate fair value of debt securities underlying repurchase transactions is parenthetically disclosed on our consolidated balance sheets. We had no borrowings under repurchase agreements outstanding as of both August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024; therefore, we had no debt securities in our investment portfolio pledged as collateral as of each respective date.

Our investment portfolio also included equity securities with a fair value of $12 million and $37 million as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively, consisting primarily of preferred stock securities that are not as readily redeemable, therefore, we excluded the equity securities from our available liquidity.

We provide additional information on our investment securities portfolio in “Note 3—Investment Securities” of this Report.

Borrowing Capacity Under Various Credit Facilities

The aggregate borrowing capacity under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements, committed loan facilities under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program and revolving note purchase agreement with Farmer Mac totaled $18,723 million as of both August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, and the aggregate amount available for access totaled $6,454 million and $6,134 million as of each respective date. The following is a discussion of our borrowing capacity and key terms and conditions under each of these credit facilities.

Committed Bank Revolving Line of Credit Agreements—Unsecured

Our committed bank revolving lines of credit may be used for general corporate purposes; however, we generally rely on them as a backup source of liquidity for our member and dealer commercial paper. The total commitment amount under the three-year facility and the four-year facility was $1,345 million and $1,455 million, respectively, resulting in a combined total commitment amount under the two facilities of $2,800 million. Under our current committed bank revolving line of credit agreements, we have the ability to request up to $300 million of letters of credit, which would result in a reduction in the remaining available amount under the facilities.

Table 17 presents the total commitment amount under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements, outstanding letters of credit and the amount available for access as of August 31, 2024.

Table 17: Committed Bank Revolving Line of Credit Agreements

(1)Facility fee based on CFC’s senior unsecured credit ratings in accordance with the established pricing schedules at the inception of the related agreement.

We did not have any outstanding borrowings under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements as of August 31, 2024; however, we had letters of credit outstanding of $2 million under thefour-year committed bank revolving agreement as of this date.

Although our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements do not contain a material adverse change clause or rating triggers that would limit the banks’ obligations to provide funding under the terms of the agreements, we must be in compliance with the covenants to draw on the facilities. We have been and expect to continue to be in compliance with the covenants under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements. As such, we could draw on these facilities to repay dealer or member commercial paper that cannot be rolled over.

Guaranteed Underwriter Program Committed Facilities—Secured

Under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program, we can borrow from the FFB and use the proceeds to extend new loans to our members and refinance existing member debt. As part of the program, we pay fees, based on our outstanding borrowings, that are intended to help fund the USDA Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant program and thereby support additional investment in rural economic development projects. The borrowings under this program are guaranteed by RUS. Each advance is subject to quarterly amortization and a final maturity not longer than 30 years from the date of the advance.

As displayed in Table 15, we had accessed $8,723 million under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program and up to $1,200 million was available for borrowing as of August 31, 2024. Of the $1,200 million available borrowing amount, $750 million is available for advance through July 15, 2027 and $450 million is available for advance through July 15, 2028. We are required to pledge eligible distribution system loans or power supply system loans as collateral in an amount at least equal to our total outstanding borrowings under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program committed loan facilities, which totaled $6,315 million as of August 31, 2024. In September 2024, we executed a commitment letter for the guarantee by RUS of a $450 million loan facility from the FFB under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program.

Farmer Mac Revolving Note Purchase Agreement—Secured

We have a revolving note purchase agreement with Farmer Mac under which we can borrow up to $6,000 million from Farmer Mac at any time, subject to market conditions, through June 30, 2027. The agreement has successive automatic one-year renewals beginning June 30, 2026, unless Farmer Mac provides 425 days’ written notice of non-renewal.

Under this agreement, we had outstanding secured notes payable totaling $3,544 million and $3,864 million as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively. We borrowed $200 million in long-term notes payable and repaid $500 million in short-term notes payable under this note purchase agreement with Farmer Mac during Q1 FY2025. As displayed in Table 15, the amount available for borrowing under this agreement was $2,456 million as of August 31, 2024. We are required to pledge eligible electric distribution system or electric power supply system loans as collateral in an amount at least equal to the total principal amount of notes outstanding under this agreement.

We provide additional information on pledged collateral below under “Pledged Collateral” in this section and in “Note 3—Investment Securities” and “Note 4—Loans.”

Short-Term Borrowings

Our short-term borrowings, which we rely on to meet our daily, near-term funding needs, consist of commercial paper, which we offer to members and dealers, select notes and daily liquidity fund notes offered to members, medium-term notes offered to members and dealers and funds from repurchase secured borrowing transactions.

Short-term borrowings increased $84 million to $4,417 million as of August 31, 2024, from $4,333 million as of May 31, 2024, and accounted for 13% of total debt outstanding as of each respective period.

Member investments have historically been our primary source of short-term borrowings. Table 18 displays the composition, by funding source, of our short-term borrowings as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024. As indicated in Table 18, members’ investments represented 75% and 77% of our outstanding short-term borrowings as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively.

Table 18: Short-Term Borrowings—Funding Sources

Our intent is to manage our short-term wholesale funding risk by maintaining the dealer commercial paper outstanding at each quarter-end within a range of $1,000 million to $1,500 million, although the intra-quarter amount of dealer commercial paper outstanding may fluctuate based on our liquidity requirements. Dealer commercial paper outstanding was $1,089 million and $505 million as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively.

See “Note 6—Short-Term Borrowings” in this Report for additional information on our short-term borrowings.

Long-Term and Subordinated Debt

Long-term and subordinated debt, which represents the most significant source of our funding, totaled $28,749 million and $28,386 million as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively, and accounted for 87% of total debt outstanding as of both dates. See Table 19 below for a summary of our long-term and subordinated debt issuances and repayments during Q1 FY2025. Subsequent to August 31, 2024, we issued anaggregate principal amount of dealer medium-term notes totaling $1,000 million.

The issuance of long-term debt allows us to reduce our reliance on short-term borrowings and effectively manage our refinancing and interest rate risk, due in part to the multi-year contractual maturity structure of long-term debt. In addition to access to private debt facilities, we also issue debt in the public capital markets. Pursuant to Rule 405 of the Securities Act, we are classified as a “well-known seasoned issuer.” Under our effective shelf registration statements filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we may offer and issue the following debt securities:

•an unlimited amount of collateral trust bonds and senior and subordinated debt securities, including medium-term notes, member capital securities and subordinated deferrable debt, until October 2026; and

•daily liquidity fund notes up to $20,000 million in the aggregate—with a $3,000 million limit on the aggregate principal amount outstanding at any time—until March 2025.

Although we register member capital securities and the daily liquidity fund notes with the SEC, these securities are not available for sale to the general public. Medium-term notes are available for sale to both the general public and members. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we have contractual limitations with respect to the amount of senior indebtedness we may incur.

Long-Term Debt and Subordinated Debt—Issuances and Repayments

Table 19 summarizes long-term and subordinated debt issuances and repayments during Q1 FY2025.

Table 19: Long-Term and Subordinated Debt— Issuances and Repayments

(1)Repayments include principal maturities, scheduled amortization payments, repurchases and redemptions.

Long-Term and Subordinated Debt—Principal Maturity and Amortization

Table 20 summarizes scheduled principal maturity and amortization of our long-term debt, subordinated deferrable debt and members’ subordinated certificates outstanding as of August 31, 2024, in each fiscal year during the five-year period ending May 31, 2029, and thereafter.

Table 20: Long-Term and Subordinated Debt—Scheduled Principal Maturities and Amortization(1)

(1)Amounts presented are based on the face amount of debt outstanding as of August 31, 2024, and therefore does not include related debt issuance costs and discounts.

(2)In addition, member loan subordinated certificates totaling $134 million amortize annually based on the unpaid principal balance of the related loan.

We provide additional information on our financing activities under the above “Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis—Debt” and in “Note 7—Long-Term Debt” and “Note 8—Subordinated Deferrable Debt” of this Report.

Pledged Collateral

Under our secured borrowing agreements, we are required to pledge loans, investment debt securities or other collateral and maintain certain pledged collateral ratios. Of our total debt outstanding of $33,166 million as of August 31, 2024, $16,948 million, or 51%, was secured by pledged loans totaling $20,891 million. In comparison, of our total debt outstanding of $32,718 million as of May 31, 2024, $17,095 million, or 52%, was secured by pledged loans totaling $21,403 million. Following is additional information on the collateral pledging requirements for our secured borrowing agreements.

Secured Borrowing Agreements—Pledged Loan Requirements

We are required to pledge loans or other collateral in transactions under our collateral trust bond indentures, bond agreements under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program and note purchase agreement with Farmer Mac. Total debt outstanding is presented on our consolidated balance sheets net of unamortized discounts and issuance costs. Our collateral pledging requirements are based, however, on the face amount of secured outstanding debt, which excludes net unamortized discounts and issuance costs. However, as discussed below, we typically maintain pledged collateral in excess of the required percentage. Under the provisions of our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements, the excess collateral that we are allowed to pledge cannot exceed 150% of the outstanding borrowings under our collateral trust bond indentures, the Guaranteed Underwriter Program or the Farmer Mac note purchase agreements.

Table 21 displays the collateral coverage ratios pursuant to these secured borrowing agreements as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024.

Table 21: Collateral Pledged

(1)Calculated based on the amount of collateral pledged divided by the face amount of outstanding secured debt.

Table 22 displays the unpaid principal balance of loans pledged for secured debt, the excess collateral pledged and unencumbered loans as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024.

Table 22: Loans—Unencumbered Loans

(1)Represents the unpaid principal balance of loans as of the end of each period. Excludes unamortized deferred loan origination costs of $15 million and $14 million as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively.

(2)Reflects unpaid principal balance of pledged loans.

(3) If there is an event of default under most of our indentures, we can only withdraw the excess collateral if we substitute cash or permitted investments of equal value.

To ensure that we do not fall below the minimum collateral coverage ratio requirement, we typically pledge loans in excess of the required amount for the following reasons: (i) our distribution and power supply loans are typically amortizing loans that require scheduled principal payments over the life of the loan, whereas the debt securities issued under secured indentures and agreements typically have bullet maturities; (ii) distribution and power supply borrowers have the option to prepay their loans; and (iii) individual loans may become ineligible for various reasons, some of which may be temporary.

We provide additional information on our borrowings, including the maturity profile, below in “Liquidity Risk” and additional information on pledged loans in “Note 4—Loans” in this Report. For additional detail on each of our debt product types, refer to “Note 5—Short-Term Borrowings,” “Note 7—Long-Term Debt,” “Note 8—Subordinated Deferrable Debt” and “Note 9—Members’ Subordinated Certificates” in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the ordinary course of business, we engage in financial transactions that are not presented on our consolidated balance sheets, or may be recorded on our consolidated balance sheets in amounts that are different from the full contract or notional amount of the transaction. Our off-balance sheet arrangements consist primarily of unadvanced loan commitments intended to meet the financial needs of our members and guarantees of member obligations, which may affect our liquidity and funding requirements based on the likelihood that borrowers will advance funds under the loan commitments or we will be required to perform under the guarantee obligations. We provide information on our unadvanced loan commitments in “Note 4—Loans” and information on our guarantee obligations in “Note 11—Guarantees.”

Projected Near-Term Sources and Uses of Funds

Table 23 below displays a projection of our primary long-term sources and uses of funds, by quarter, over each of thenext six fiscal quarters. Our projection is based on the following, which includes several assumptions: (i) the estimated issuance of long-term debt, including capital market and other non-capital market term debt, is based on our market-risk management goal of minimizing the mismatch between the cash flows from our financial assets and our financial liabilities; (ii) long-term loan scheduled amortization repayment amounts represent scheduled loan principal payments for long-term loans outstanding as of August 31, 2024 and estimated loan principal payments for long-term loan advances, plus estimated prepayment amounts on long-term loans; (iii) long-term and subordinated debt maturities consist of both scheduled principal maturity and amortization amounts and projected principal maturity and amortization amounts on term debt outstanding in each period presented; and (iv) long-term loan advances are based on our current projection of member demand for loans. In addition, amounts available under our committed bank revolving lines of credit, net increases in dealer commercial paper and short-term member investments are intended to serve as a backup source of liquidity.

Table 23: Projected Long-Term Sources and Uses of Funds(1)

(1)The dates presented represent the end of each quarterly period through the quarter ended February 28, 2026.

(2)Anticipated long-term loan repayments include scheduled long-term loan amortizations and anticipated cash repayments at repricing date.

(3) Long-term debt maturities also include medium-term notes with an original maturity of one year or less and expected early redemptions of debt.

As displayed in Table 23, we currently project long-term advances of $3,140 million over the next 12 months, which we project will exceed anticipated long-term loan repayments over the same period of $1,598 million, resulting in net long-term loan growth of approximately $1,542 million over the next 12 months.

The estimates presented above are developed at a particular point in time based on our expected future business growth and funding. Our actual results and future estimates may vary, perhaps significantly, from the current projections, as a result of changes in market conditions, management actions or other factors.

Credit Ratings

Our funding and liquidity, borrowing capacity, ability to access capital markets and other sources of funds and the cost of these funds are partially dependent on our credit ratings.

In August 2024, Fitch affirmed CFC’s credit ratings and stable outlook. Table 24 displays our credit ratings as of August 31, 2024, which remain unchanged as of the date of this Report.

Table 24: Credit Ratings

(1)Based on our senior unsecured debt rating.

(2)Applies to our collateral trust bonds.

(3)Applies to our medium-term notes.

See “Credit Risk—Counterparty Credit Risk—Derivative Counterparty Credit Exposure” above for information on credit rating provisions related to our derivative contracts.

Financial Ratios

Our debt-to-equity ratio increased to 12.03 as of August 31, 2024, from 11.01 as of May 31, 2024, due to the combined impact of an increase in debt to fund loan growth and a decrease in equity resulting from our reported net loss of $164 million for Q1 FY2025 and the CFC Board of Directors’ authorized patronage capital retirements of$47 million during the period.

The adjusted debt-to-equity ratio increased to 6.32 as of August 31, 2024 from 6.24 as of May 31, 2024, due to an increase in adjusted liabilities resulting from additional borrowings to fund growth in our loan portfolio, partially offset by an increase in adjusted equity. The increase in adjusted equity was primarily due to our adjusted net income of $66 million for Q1 FY2025, partially offset by a decrease in equity of$47 million from CFC Board of Directors’ authorized patronage capital retirements during the period.

Debt Covenants

As part of our short-term and long-term borrowing arrangements, we are subject to various financial and operational covenants. If we fail to maintain specified financial ratios, such failure could constitute a default by CFC of certain covenants under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements and senior debt indentures. We were in compliance with all covenants and conditions under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements and senior debt indentures as of August 31, 2024.

As discussed above in “Introduction—Non-GAAP Financial Measures,” the financial covenants set forth in our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements and senior debt indentures are based on adju sted financial measures, including adjusted TIER. We provide a reconciliation of adjusted TIER and other non-GAAP financial measures disclosed in this Report to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures below in “Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations.” See “Item 7. MD&A—Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations” in our 2024 Form 10-K for a discussion of each of our non-GAAP measures and an explanation of the adjustments to derive these measures.