LOEWS CORP

Note 3. Investments

Net investment income is as follows:

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no investments in a single issuer exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity, other than investments in securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises.

Investment gains (losses) are as follows:

Investment gains (losses) for the year ended December 31, 2022 in the table above include an $18 million net gain related to the novation of a coinsurance agreement on CNA’s legacy annuity business, which was transacted on a funds withheld basis and gave rise to an embedded derivative. The net gain of $18 million is comprised of a $62 million gain on the associated embedded derivative partially offset by a $44 million loss on fixed maturity securities supporting the funds withheld liability, transferred with the novation, to recognize unrealized losses which had been included in AOCI since the inception of the coinsurance agreement. Taken together, this net gain is the final recognition of changes in the valuation of the funds held assets and offsets previously recognized investment losses on the associated embedded derivative. The coinsurance agreement was novated in the fourth quarter of 2022.

The available-for-sale impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings by asset type are presented in the following table. The table includes losses (gains) on securities with an intention to sell and changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities since acquisition date:

No losses were recognized on mortgage loans during the year ended December 31, 2024. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $11 million and $8 million of losses related to mortgage loans primarily due to changes in expected credit losses.

The net change in unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities, was $(352) million, $1.4 billion and $(7.9) billion for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

The amortized cost and fair values of fixed maturity securities are as follows:

The available-for-sale fixed maturities securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded are as follows:

The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded, by ratings distribution.

Based on current facts and circumstances, the unrealized losses presented in the December 31, 2024 securities in the gross unrealized loss position table above are not indicative of the ultimate collectability of the current amortized cost of the securities, but rather are primarily attributable to changes in risk-free interest rates. In reaching this determination, the volatility in risk-free rates and credit spreads, as well as the fact that the unrealized losses are concentrated in investment grade issuers, were considered. Additionally, there is no current intent to sell securities with unrealized losses, nor is it more likely than not that sale will be required prior to recovery of amortized cost; accordingly, it was determined that there areno additional impairment losses to be recorded at December 31, 2024.

The following tables present the activity related to the allowance on available-for-sale securities with credit impairments and purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) assets. Accrued interest receivables on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities totaled $442 million and $435 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and are excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses and the amortized cost basis in the tables within this Note.

Contractual Maturity

The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity.

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid. Securities not due at a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.

Limited Partnerships

The carrying value of limited partnerships as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $2.5 billion and $2.2 billion, which includes net undistributed earnings of $334 million and $250 million. Limited partnerships comprising 14% of the total carrying value are reported on a current basis through December 31, 2024 with no reporting lag,3% of the total carrying value are reported on a one month lag and the remainder are reported on more than a one month lag. The number of limited partnerships held and the strategies employed provide diversification to the limited partnership portfolio and the overall invested asset portfolio.

Limited partnerships comprising 86% and 85% of the carrying value at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were invested in private debt and equity. Limited partnerships comprising 14% and 15% of the carrying value as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 employ hedge fund strategies. Private debt and equity funds cover a broad range of investment strategies including buyout, co-investment, private credit, growth capital, distressed investing and real estate. Hedge fund strategies include both long and short positions in fixed income, equity and derivative instruments.

Theten largest limited partnership positions held totaled $648 million and $622 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Based on the most recent information available regarding percentage ownership of the individual limited partnerships, the carrying value reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets represents approximately 1% of the aggregate partnership equity at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related income reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations represents approximately 1%,1%, and 2% of the changes in aggregate partnership equity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

There are risks inherent in limited partnership investments which may result in losses due to short-selling, derivatives or other speculative investment practices. The use of leverage increases volatility generated by the underlying investment strategies.

Private debt, private equity and other non-hedge fund limited partnership investments generally do not permit voluntary withdrawals. Hedge fund limited partnership investments contain withdrawal provisions that generally limit liquidity for a period ofthirty days up toone year or longer. Typically, hedge fund withdrawals require advance written notice of up to 90 days.

Mortgage Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans for each credit quality indicator by year of origination. The primary credit quality indicators utilized are debt service coverage ratios (“DSCR”) and loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivatives may be used in the normal course of business, primarily in an attempt to reduce exposure to market risk (principally interest rate risk, credit risk, equity price risk, commodity price risk and foreign currency risk) stemming from various assets and liabilities. The principal objective under such strategies is to achieve the desired reduction in economic risk, even if the position does not receive hedge accounting treatment.

Interest rate swaps, futures and forward commitments to purchase securities may be entered into to manage interest rate risk. Credit derivatives such as credit default swaps may be entered into to modify the credit risk inherent in certain investments. Forward contracts, futures, swaps and options may be used to manage foreign currency and commodity price risk.

In addition to the derivatives used for risk management purposes described above, derivatives may also be used for purposes of income enhancement. Income enhancement transactions include interest rate swaps, call options, put options, credit default swaps, index futures and foreign currency forwards. See Note 4 for information regarding the fair value of derivative instruments.

The following tables present the aggregate contractual or notional amount and estimated fair value related to derivative financial instruments.

In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company entered into credit default swap index transactions that potentially benefit from widening investment grade credit spreads associated with the underlying securities that comprise the index. As of December 31, 2024 the notional value of the credit default swap index is $2 billion and the fair value is less than $1 million which is recognized in Payable to brokers in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the position is measured using observable market inputs, including credit spreads. For the year ended December 31, 2024, Net investment income related to the position was less than $1 million.

Investment Commitments

As part of the overall investment strategy, investments are made in various assets which require future purchase, sale or funding commitments. These investments are recorded once funded, and the related commitments may include future capital calls from various third-party limited partnerships, signed and accepted mortgage loan applications and obligations related to private placement securities. As of December 31, 2024, commitments to purchase or fund were approximately $1.7 billion and to sell were approximately $30 million under the terms of these investments.

Investments on Deposit

Cash and securities with carrying values of approximately $3.1 billion were deposited by CNA’s insurance subsidiaries under requirements of regulatory authorities and others as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Cash and securities with carrying values of approximately $0.7 billion and$0.9 billion were deposited with financial institutions in trust accounts or as collateral for letters of credit to secure obligations with various third parties as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.