LOEWS CORP

Boardwalk Pipeline Partners, LP (together with its subsidiaries, “Boardwalk Pipelines”) is engaged in the business of transportation and storage of natural gas and natural gas liquids, olefins and other hydrocarbons (herein referred to together as “NGLs”). Boardwalk Pipelines also provides ethane supply and transportation services for industrial customers in Louisiana and Texas. Boardwalk Pipelines accounted for 11.8%, 10.3% and 10.3% of our consolidated total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

A wholly owned subsidiary of ours, Boardwalk Pipelines Holding Corp. (“BPHC”) owns, directly and indirectly, 100% of the general partner and limited partnership interests of Boardwalk Pipelines.

Boardwalk Pipelines operates in the midstream portion of the natural gas and NGLs industry, providing transportation and storage for those commodities. Boardwalk Pipelines also provides ethane supply and transportation services for industrial customers in Louisiana and Texas. Boardwalk Pipelines owns approximately 14,315 miles of natural gas and NGLs pipelines and underground storage caverns having aggregate capacity of approximately 199.5 billion cubic feet (“Bcf”) of working natural gas and 31.2 million barrels (“MMBbls”) of NGLs. Boardwalk Pipelines’ integrated natural gas pipeline and storage systems are located in the Gulf Coast region, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, and its NGLs pipelines and storage facilities are located in Louisiana and Texas.

Boardwalk Pipelines’ principal natural gas and natural gas liquids businesses are described below:

Natural Gas

Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas business, which provides transportation, storage and PAL services for natural gas customers, consists of integrated interstate and intrastate natural gas pipelines and storage facilities. Boardwalk Pipelines owns and operates approximately 13,445 miles of interconnected natural gas pipelines, directly serving customers in thirteen states and indirectly serving customers throughout the northeastern and southeastern U.S. through numerous interconnections with unaffiliated pipelines. In 2024, its natural gas pipeline systems transported approximately 3.7 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Average daily throughput on Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas pipeline systems during 2024 was approximately 10.2 billion cubic feet (“Bcf”). Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas storage facilities are comprised of fourteen underground storage fields located in four states with aggregate working gas capacity of approximately 191.9 Bcf.

Following is a summary of the primary subsidiaries comprising Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas business:

The Gulf South Pipeline Company, LLC (“Gulf South”) pipeline system is located along the Gulf Coast in the states of Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. Gulf South has ten natural gas storage facilities. The two natural gas storage facilities located in Louisiana and Mississippi have approximately 78.0 Bcf of working gas storage capacity and the eight salt dome natural gas storage caverns in Mississippi have approximately 46.0 Bcf of total storage capacity, of which approximately 29.6 Bcf is working gas capacity. Gulf South also owns undeveloped land which is suitable for up to five additional storage caverns. Gulf South is regulated by the FERC.

The Texas Gas Transmission, LLC (“Texas Gas”) pipeline system is a bi-directional pipeline, located in Louisiana, East Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio, with smaller diameter lines extending into Illinois. Texas Gas owns nine natural gas storage fields, of which it owns the majority of the working and base gas. Texas Gas is regulated by the FERC.

Other: Boardwalk Pipelines has minor intrastate and natural gas pipeline assets in South Texas and Louisiana serving end-use, electric power generators and industrial customers.

The following table provides information for Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas assets owned and operated as of December 31, 2024:

Natural Gas Liquids

Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas liquids business, which provides transportation and storage services for NGLs and supply services for ethane and brine customers, consists primarily of NGLs pipelines, salt dome storage facilities and brine infrastructure. Boardwalk Pipelines owns and operates approximately 870 miles of NGLs pipelines in Louisiana and Texas. In 2024, Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas liquids pipeline systems transported approximately 136.6 MMBbls of NGLs. Boardwalk Pipelines’ NGLs storage facilities consist of 11 salt-dome caverns located in Louisiana with an aggregate storage capacity of approximately 31.2 MMBbls. Boardwalk Pipelines also owns ten salt-dome caverns and related brine infrastructure located in Louisiana for use in providing brine supply services and to support the NGLs storage operations. Boardwalk Pipelines’ NGLs pipeline systems access the Gulf Coast petrochemical industry through operations at its Choctaw Hub in Louisiana and the Sulphur Hub in Louisiana. Boardwalk Pipelines accesses ethylene supplies in Texas, which it delivers to petrochemical-industry customers in Louisiana. Boardwalk Pipelines purchases ethane in Texas and Louisiana and utilizes its NGLs pipelines to supply ethane to customers in Texas and Louisiana. The majority of Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas liquids customers are industrial end-users.

Following is a summary of the primary subsidiaries comprising Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas liquids business:

Boardwalk Louisiana Midstream, LLC (“Louisiana Midstream”) provides transportation and storage services for NGLs, primarily ethylene, and brine supply services for producers and consumers of petrochemicals through two hubs in southern Louisiana. These assets have approximately 47.8 MMBbls of salt dome storage capacity, including approximately 7.6 Bcf of working natural gas storage capacity, significant brine supply infrastructure, and approximately 310 miles of pipeline assets, including an extensive ethylene distribution system.

Louisiana Midstream’s Choctaw pipeline network is a common carrier pipeline system situated along the Mississippi River Corridor that serves chemical complexes throughout southeastern Louisiana and provides connectivity to producers and consumers of ethylene. Through interconnections with Boardwalk Petrochemical Pipeline, LLC’s (“Boardwalk Petrochemical”) Evangeline Pipeline and other third-party pipelines, the system links ethylene producers in Texas and the Lake Charles area to the Mississippi River Corridor. Louisiana Midstream also owns eight salt-dome caverns and related brine infrastructure located on the Choctaw Hub for use in providing brine supply services and supporting its NGLs storage operations.

Louisiana Midstream’s Sulphur pipeline network is located near Lake Charles, Louisiana, and is connected to local ethylene producers and consumers and area refineries. At the Sulphur Hub, Louisiana Midstream owns and operates five active storage caverns, which are currently in ethylene, ethane and propane service.

Boardwalk Petrochemical owns and operates the Evangeline Pipeline, an approximately 180-mile bi-directional, common carrier, interstate ethylene pipeline that is capable of transporting approximately 4.8 billion pounds of ethylene per year between Texas and Louisiana, and interconnects with the ethylene distribution system and storage facilities at Louisiana Midstream’s Sulphur and Choctaw Hubs. The Evangeline Pipeline links ethylene producers and consumers from Texas to Louisiana.

Boardwalk Ethane Pipeline Company, LLC (“Bayou Ethane”) owns and operates the Bayou Ethane Pipeline, an approximately 380-mile pipeline system originating in Texas, that transports ethane to Southeast Texas and to Louisiana. The Bayou Ethane Pipeline provides common carrier, interstate and intrastate transportation services and interconnects with Louisiana Midstream’s storage facilities at the Sulphur and Choctaw Hubs. The Bayou Ethane Pipeline has the ability to deliver approximately 55.0 MMBbls of ethane per year. Bayou Ethane provides ethane supply and transportation services for industrial customers in Louisiana and Texas.

The following table provides information for Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas liquids assets owned and operated as of December 31, 2024:

In 2024, Boardwalk Pipelines placed into service approximately $245 million of growth projects which represents approximately 0.4 Bcf per day of firm natural gas transportation capacity, additional capacity on its ethylene pipeline systems and increased storage capacity and reliability. Boardwalk Pipelines expects to spend a total of approximately $1.6 billion on its ongoing and announced growth projects, with expected in-service dates for these projects ranging from 2025-2029. These projects are expected to add over 2.0 Bcf per day of firm natural gas transportation capacity. These projects are expected to serve increased natural gas demand from electric power generation plants and industrial customers. Boardwalk Pipelines’ growth projects are secured by long-term firm contracts, though some are supported by executed precedent transportation agreements for projects that are subject to regulatory approvals.

Customers: Boardwalk Pipelines serves a broad mix of customers, including end-use customers, such as electric power generators, local distribution companies, industrial users and exporters of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”). Boardwalk Pipelines also contracts with other customers, including producers and marketers of natural gas and interstate and intrastate pipelines, who, in turn, provide transportation and storage services for end-users. These customers are located throughout the Gulf Coast, Midwest and Northeast regions of the U.S. Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas delivery markets have diversified over time, with increased deliveries to end-use customers, whereas, historically its natural gas delivery markets were primarily to other pipelines who then delivered to end-use customers.

Governmental Regulation: The FERC regulates Boardwalk Pipelines’ interstate natural gas transmission operating subsidiaries under the Natural Gas Act of 1938 (“NGA”) and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (“NGPA”). The FERC regulates, among other things, the rates and charges for the transportation and storage of natural gas in interstate commerce and the construction, extension, enlargement or abandonment of facilities under its jurisdiction. Where required, Boardwalk Pipelines’ natural gas pipeline subsidiaries hold certificates of public convenience and necessity issued by the FERC covering certain of their facilities, activities and services. The maximum applicable rates that Boardwalk Pipelines’ FERC-regulated subsidiaries may charge for all aspects of the natural gas transportation services they provide, are established through the FERC’s cost-based rate-making process; however, the FERC also allows for discounted or negotiated rates as an alternative to cost-based rates. Key determinants in the FERC’s cost-based rate-making process are the costs of providing service, the volumes of gas being transported, the rate design, the allocation of costs between services, the capital structure and the rate of return a pipeline is permitted to earn. The maximum applicable rates that Boardwalk Pipelines may charge for storage services on Texas Gas, except for services associated with a portion of the working gas capacity on that system, are also established through the FERC’s cost-based rate-making process. The FERC has authorized Boardwalk Pipelines to charge market-based rates for its firm and interruptible storage services for the majority of its other natural gas storage facilities. None of Boardwalk Pipelines’ FERC-regulated entities currently have an obligation to file a new rate case.

Some of Boardwalk Pipelines’ other subsidiaries transport natural gas in intrastate commerce under the rules and regulations established by the Texas Railroad Commission and in interstate commerce that is subject to FERC jurisdiction under Section 311 of the NGPA. The maximum rates for services are established under Section 311 of the NGPA and are generally subject to review every five years by the FERC. The rates and terms of service on Boardwalk Pipelines’ interstate ethane transportation pipeline are also subject to regulation by the FERC under, among other statutes, the Interstate Commerce Act (“ICA”) and the Energy Policy Act of 1992.

Over time, the FERC may change, amend or announce that it will undertake a review of its existing policies. There were no major policy changes announced by the FERC during 2024 that materially impacted Boardwalk Pipelines.

The FERC has authority to impose civil penalties for violations of the NGA and NGPA, and the implementing regulations thereunder, up to a maximum amount that is adjusted annually for inflation, which for 2025 is approximately $1.6 million per day per violation. Should Boardwalk Pipelines fail to comply with applicable statutes, rules, regulations and orders administered by the FERC, it could be subject to substantial penalties and fines, in addition to reputational damage.

The Surface Transportation Board (“STB”) regulates the rates Boardwalk Pipelines charges for interstate service on its ethylene pipeline systems. The Louisiana Public Service Commission (“LPSC”) regulates the rates Boardwalk Pipelines charges for intrastate service within the state of Louisiana on its petrochemical and NGLs pipelines. The STB and LPSC require that Boardwalk Pipelines’ transportation rates are reasonable and that its practices cannot unreasonably discriminate among its shippers.

Boardwalk Pipelines is also regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (“DOT”) through the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (“PHMSA”) under the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968, as amended (“NGPSA”) and the Hazardous Liquids Pipeline Safety Act of 1979, as amended (“HLPSA”). The NGPSA and HLPSA govern the design, installation, testing, construction, operation, replacement and management of interstate natural gas and NGLs pipeline facilities. Boardwalk Pipelines has authority from PHMSA to operate certain natural gas pipeline assets under issued permits with specific conditions that allow it to operate those pipeline assets at higher than normal operating pressures of up to 0.80 of the pipeline’s Specified Minimum Yield Strength (“SMYS”). Operating at these pressures allows these pipelines to transport all the existing natural gas volumes Boardwalk Pipelines has contracted for on those facilities with its customers. PHMSA retains discretion whether to grant or maintain authority for Boardwalk Pipelines to operate its natural gas pipeline assets at higher pressures and, in the event that PHMSA should elect not to allow Boardwalk Pipelines to operate at these higher pressures, it could affect its ability to transport all of its contracted quantities of natural gas on these pipeline assets, and Boardwalk Pipelines could incur significant additional costs to reinstate this authority or to develop alternate ways to meet its contractual obligations. PHMSA’s regulations also require transportation pipeline operators to implement integrity management programs to comprehensively evaluate certain high-risk areas, known as high consequence areas (“HCAs”) and moderate consequence areas (“MCAs”), along pipelines and take additional safety measures to protect people and property in these areas. The HCAs for natural gas pipelines are predicated on high-population density areas (which, for natural gas transmission lines, include Class 3 and 4 areas and, depending on the potential impacts of a risk event, may include Class 1 and 2 areas) whereas HCAs along Boardwalk Pipelines’ NGLs pipelines are based on high-population density areas, areas near certain drinking water sources and unusually sensitive ecological areas.

Legislation has resulted in more stringent mandates for pipeline safety and has charged PHMSA with developing and adopting regulations that impose increased pipeline safety requirements on pipeline operators. In particular, the NGPSA and HLPSA were amended by the Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011 (“2011 Act”), the Protecting Our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety Act of 2016 (“2016 Act”) and, most recently, the Protecting Our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety Act of 2020 (“2020 Act”), each of which imposed increased pipeline safety obligations on pipeline operators. The 2011 Act increased the penalties for safety violations, established additional safety requirements for newly constructed pipelines and required studies of safety issues that could result in the adoption of new regulatory requirements by PHMSA for existing pipelines. The 2016 Act, among other things, required PHMSA to complete its outstanding mandates under the 2011 Act and develop new safety standards for natural gas storage facilities. The 2020 Act reauthorized PHMSA through fiscal year 2023 and directed the agency to move forward with several regulatory initiatives, including obligating operators of non-rural gas gathering lines and new and existing transmission and distribution pipeline facilities to conduct certain leak detection and repair programs and to require facility inspection and maintenance plans to align with those requirements.

As a result of the 2011 Act, the 2016 Act and the 2020 Act, PHMSA has issued a series of significant rulemakings for onshore gas transmission pipelines (e.g., relating to maximum allowable operating pressure (“MAOP”) reconfirmation and exceedance reporting, the integrity assessment of additional pipeline mileage and the consideration of seismicity as a risk factor in integrity management), and hazardous liquid transmission and gathering pipelines (e.g., expanding the reach of certain of PHMSA’s integrity management requirements, requiring the accommodation of in-line inspection tools by 2039 for certain pipelines, increasing annual, accident and safety-related conditional reporting requirements, and expanding the use of leak detection systems beyond HCAs). PHMSA also regulates the minimum safety requirements applicable to natural gas storage facilities, including wells, wellbore tubing and casing. In August 2022, PHMSA published a final rule that attempted to expand the Management of Change process, corrosion control requirements for gas transmission pipelines, requirements that operators ensure no conditions exist following an extreme weather event that could adversely affect the safe operation of the pipeline and repair criteria for non-HCAs. Five safety standards included in that rule were challenged by industry trade groups, and in August 2024, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit struck down four of the five challenged safety standards. In September 2023, PHMSA published a proposed rule that, if finalized, would enhance the safety requirements for gas distribution pipelines and would require updates to distribution integrity management programs, emergency response plans, operations and maintenance manuals and other safety practices. These new and any future regulations adopted by PHMSA have imposed and may impose more stringent requirements applicable to integrity management programs and other pipeline safety aspects of Boardwalk Pipelines operations, which could cause it to incur increased capital and operating costs and operational delays.

The Department of Homeland Security’s Transportation Safety Administration (“TSA”) has issued a series of security directives between 2022 and 2024 applicable to major pipeline owners and operators intended to strengthen the industry’s overall cybersecurity posture in light of the evolving threat landscape and its potential impacts to U.S. critical infrastructure. The security directives require, among other things, that pipeline owners and operators designate a cybersecurity coordinator, establish and implement a Cybersecurity Implementation Plan; develop, maintain and test no less than annually through tabletop exercises a Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan; and establish a Cybersecurity Assessment Plan (“CAP”) including a schedule for assessing and auditing the CAP. The directives also contain requirements for reporting cybersecurity incidents and the results of certain assessments and audits. Boardwalk Pipelines has implemented tools, policies and practices designed to comply with the security directives. Other regulators, such as PHMSA and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), have also established requirements for reporting certain cybersecurity incidents.

Boardwalk Pipelines’ operations are also subject to extensive federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment and occupational health and safety. Such laws and regulations impose, among other things, restrictions, liabilities and obligations in connection with the generation, handling, use, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of various substances including hazardous substances and waste and in connection with spills, releases, discharges and emissions of various substances into the environment. Environmental regulations also require that Boardwalk Pipelines’ facilities, sites and other properties be operated, maintained, abandoned and reclaimed to the satisfaction of applicable regulatory authorities. Occupational health and safety regulations establish standards protective of workers, both generally and within the pipeline industry.

Many state and local governments where Boardwalk Pipelines operates also have, or are developing, similar environmental or occupational health and safety legal requirements governing many of the same types of activities, and those requirements can be more stringent than those adopted under federal laws and regulations. Failure to comply with these federal, state and local laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative, civil and criminal penalties, the imposition of corrective or remedial obligations, the incurrence of capital expenditures, the occurrence of delays, denials or cancellations in permitting or the development or expansion of projects and the issuance of orders enjoining performance of some or all of Boardwalk Pipelines’ operations in the affected areas.

While the Biden Administration attempted to pursue additional actions to bolster environmental regulations, the future of these actions is uncertain. For example, the Biden Administration revised various rules to be more stringent, repealed various rules issued by the first Trump Administration, imposed restrictions on methane emissions from oil and gas operations and ground level ozone emission standards and took other actions to mitigate climate change and further limit greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions. In addition, in January 2023, the White House’s Council on Environmental Quality (“CEQ”) released guidance to assist federal agencies in assessing the GHG emissions and climate change effects of their proposed actions under the National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”). In May 2024, the CEQ published a final rule that, in the second and final “phase” of updates, revised the implementing regulations of the procedural provisions of NEPA and implemented amendments to NEPA included in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023. The final rule was challenged by various states and the litigation remains ongoing. More recently, in November 2024, a panel of three judges on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit held that the CEQ lacks authority to issue NEPA regulations and followed with a statement by a majority of the judges suggesting that in future cases they may not rule similarly that the CEQ lacks rulemaking authority. In February 2025, the District Court for North Dakota also held that the CEQ lacks authority to issue NEPA regulations and vacated the CEQ’s 2024 “Phase 2” rule. Additionally, President Trump signed an energy-related Executive Order which included ordering the CEQ to propose rescinding its NEPA regulations. As a result, there is significant uncertainty with respect to current and future NEPA regulations. While Boardwalk Pipelines cannot predict the full impact of these developments, any legal challenges to NEPA reviews performed in connection with its projects may result in further permitting and approval delays. For more information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Report.

Environmental laws and regulations generally become stricter over time; however, Boardwalk Pipelines cannot predict how the recent change in presidential administrations will impact its regulatory obligations. Stricter environmental or worker safety laws, regulations or enforcement policies could significantly increase Boardwalk Pipelines’ operational or compliance costs and compliance with new or more stringent environmental legal requirements could delay or prohibit its ability to obtain permits for operations or require Boardwalk Pipelines to install additional pollution control equipment. For instance, the construction or expansion of pipelines often requires authorizations under the Clean Water Act, which authorizations may be subject to challenge. There is ongoing litigation with respect to the status and use of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (“the Corps”) Clean Water Act Section 404 Nationwide Permit (“NWP”) 12, which was issued in January 2021 and subsequently challenged by various environmental groups. Boardwalk Pipelines relies on NWP 12, alongside other NWPs, as blanket authority for construction, maintenance, repair and removal of pipelines. If NWP 12 is amended or revoked, Boardwalk Pipelines may be required to apply for one or more Individual Permits, which would require additional time and resources to obtain. The NWP process relies upon the Clean Water Act Section 401 certification process, which is also subject to ongoing litigation. In September 2023, the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) finalized its Clean Water Act Section 401 Water Quality Certification Improvement Rule, effective in November 2023, which expanded the scope of certification authority. While the litigation is ongoing and the full extent and impact of these actions is unclear at this time, any disruption in Boardwalk Pipelines’ ability to obtain coverage under NWP 12 or other permits may result in increased costs and project delays if it is forced to seek individual permits from the Corps. There also continues to be uncertainty with respect to the federal government's jurisdictional reach under the Clean Water Act over “waters of the United States” (“WOTUS”), including wetlands, as the EPA and the Corps have pursued multiple rulemakings under different administrations since 2015 in an attempt to determine the scope of such reach. Most recently, in September 2023, the EPA issued a version of the WOTUS rule that, due to injunctions in certain states, is being implemented in only 24 states. Thus, the operative definition of WOTUS varies by state. However, Boardwalk Pipelines cannot predict what actions the Trump Administration may take with respect to any of these regulations and the timing with respect to the same. As a result, there is significant uncertainty with respect to wetlands regulation under the Clean Water Act at this time.

Historically, Boardwalk Pipelines’ environmental compliance costs have not had a material adverse effect on its business, but there can be no assurance that future compliance with existing requirements will not materially affect Boardwalk Pipelines, or that the current regulatory standards will not become more onerous in the future, resulting in more significant costs to maintain compliance and increased exposure to significant liabilities.

Climate Change: Climate change continues to attract considerable public, governmental and scientific attention. As a result, numerous proposals have been made and are likely to continue to be made at the international, national, regional, state and local levels of government to monitor and limit emissions of GHGs. These efforts have included consideration of cap-and-trade programs, carbon taxes and GHG reporting and tracking programs, and regulations that directly limit GHG emissions from certain sources. Due to the nature of Boardwalk Pipelines’ business, its operations emit various types of GHGs. Boardwalk Pipelines seeks to carefully monitor its emissions and expects to incur additional costs to mitigate emissions. New legislation or regulations could increase the costs related to operating and maintaining its facilities. Depending on the particular law, regulation or program, Boardwalk Pipelines could be required to incur capital expenditures for installing new monitoring equipment or emission controls on its facilities, acquire and surrender allowances for GHG emissions, pay taxes or fees related to GHG emissions and/or administer and manage a more comprehensive GHG emissions program. While Boardwalk Pipelines may be able to include some or all of the increased costs in the rates charged by its pipelines, recovery of costs is not certain and would require the FERC’s approval of a rate mechanism designed to recover those costs.

Boardwalk Pipelines recognizes that relative to certain other fossil fuels, natural gas has an important role in reducing GHG emissions and may act as a bridge to scaling up renewable energy or other alternative energy sources in the U.S. While Boardwalk Pipelines is seeking to reduce its GHG emissions, it cannot predict all risks that may be associated with climate change or other ESG matters. For more information, see Boardwalk Pipelines’ risk factor titled “Boardwalk

Pipelines’ operations, and those of Boardwalk Pipelines’ customers, are subject to a series of risks regarding climate change”under Item 1A.

Properties: Boardwalk Pipelines is headquartered in leased office space located in Houston, Texas. Boardwalk Pipelines also leases office space in Owensboro, Kentucky. Boardwalk Pipelines’ operating subsidiaries own their respective pipeline systems in fee. However, substantial portions of these systems are constructed and maintained on property owned by others pursuant to rights-of-way, easements, permits, licenses or consents.