INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO NEW

Other than as set forth below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (Part I, Item 1A) for the period ended December 31, 2024.

Changes in international conditions or other risks arising from conducting business internationally could adversely affect our business and operations.

As a global producer of renewable fiber-based packaging and pulp products, we operate in many different countries. As a result, we are vulnerable to risks related to our international operations. These risks, which can vary substantially by country, include economic or political instability, geopolitical events, corruption, anti-American sentiment, expropriation measures, social and ethnic unrest, natural disasters, military conflicts and terrorism, the regulatory environment (including the risks of operating in developing or emerging markets in which there are significant uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforceability of legal requirements and the enforceability of contractual rights and intellectual property rights), adverse currency fluctuations, foreign exchange control regimes (including restrictions on currency conversion), downturns or changes in economic conditions (including in relation to commodity inflation and tariffs), adverse tax consequences or rulings, import restrictions, controls or other trade protection measures, economic sanctions, health guidelines and safety protocols, nationalization, changes in social, political or labor conditions, and adverse developments regarding sustainability, environmental regulations and trade policies and agreements, any of which risks could negatively affect our financial results. For example, a portion of our sales could be adversely affected by changes in economic conditions and demographics, including as a result of tariffs. Trade protection measures in favor of local producers of competing products, including governmental subsidies, tariffs, tax benefits and other measures may give local producers a competitive advantage and adversely impact our operating results and our business prospects in these countries. Likewise, disruption in existing trade agreements or increased trade friction between countries (such as in relation to the trade tensions between the U.S. and China) could have a negative effect on our business and results of operations by restricting the free flow of goods and services across borders. Additionally, the U.S. government recently increased certain rates and broadened the scope of certain tariffs imposed on goods imported into the U.S., such as from China, which may strain international trade relations and increase the risk that foreign governments implement retaliatory tariffs on goods imported from the United States. Specifically, the U.S. government implemented tariffs on certain foreign goods and may implement additional tariffs on foreign goods. If lasting, such tariffs and any further legislation or actions taken by the U.S. federal government that restrict trade, such as additional tariffs, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures taken by governments in Europe, Asia, and other countries, could adversely impact our ability to sell products and services in our international markets. Tariffs could increase the cost of our products and the components and raw materials that go into our manufacturing process. These increased costs could adversely impact the profit margin that we earn on our products, which could make our products less competitive and reduce consumer demand. Countries have and may continue to also adopt other protectionist measures that could limit our ability to offer our products and services. Conversely, these tariffs and retaliatory tariffs may be subject to negotiations which could lower or remove them in the near or longer term with a return to more normalized trade conditions in some instances. Due to this uncertainty, the ultimate impact of any tariffs and trade tension is unclear and will depend on various factors, including if there are negotiated bilateral agreements to remove or lower tariffs, and the timing, amount, scope, and nature of the tariffs that remain implemented.

We may continue to be adversely affected by ongoing geopolitical instability and the economic consequences and disruptions arising therefrom, including as the result of the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict in the Middle East, and increasing tensions between China and Taiwan. These risks may be further heightened in the event of the expansion in the scope or escalation of any such conflicts. In addition, changes to economic sanctions programs, could put us at risk of violating sanctions as a result of an existing presence in a newly sanctioned jurisdiction or relationship with a newly sanctioned entity if we fail or are unable to end such presence or relationship in a timely manner.

In addition, we are subject to laws related to operations in foreign jurisdictions, including laws prohibiting bribery of government officials and other corrupt practices. Anti-bribery laws such as the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and similar worldwide anti-corruption laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to public officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Further, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control and other non-U.S. government entities maintain economic sanctions targeting various countries, persons and entities. We are also subject to the laws and regulations of governmental and regulatory agencies. Failure to comply with domestic or foreign laws could result in various adverse consequences for us including the imposition of civil or criminal sanctions, reputational damage and the prosecution of executives overseeing international operations.

We are exposed to the translation of the results of overseas subsidiaries into their respective reporting currencies, as well as the impact of currency fluctuations on their commercial transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Adverse movements in foreign exchange rates relating to foreign currency denominated commodities, assets and liabilities, and transactions could have a material impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or future prospects.