M&T BANK CORP

Interest income earned on certain of the Company's assets is exempt from federal income tax. Taxable-equivalent net interest income is a non-GAAP measure that adjusts income earned on a tax-exempt asset to present it on an equivalent basis to interest income earned on a fully taxable asset.

The Company's average balance sheets accompanied by the taxable-equivalent interest income and expense and the annualized average rate on the Company's earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are presented as follows.

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND ANNUALIZED TAXABLE-EQUIVALENT RATES

(a)Includes nonaccrual loans.

(b)Includes available-for-sale securities at amortized cost.

(c)Primarily government issued or guaranteed.

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Taxable-equivalent net interest income can be impacted by changes in the composition of the Company's earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as discussed herein, as well as changes in interest rates and spreads. The FOMC lowered its federal funds target interest rate by a total of 100 basis points in the last four months of 2024 and by a total of 75 basis points in the last four months of 2025.

Taxable-equivalent net interest income decreased $27 million in the recent quarter as compared with the fourth quarter of 2025 reflective of two less calendar days in the recent quarter. The net interest margin increased 2 basis points over that same time period reflecting an 18 basis-point decline in rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities that outpaced a 10 basis-point decline in yields received on earning assets. The decline in the yields received on earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities reflects the impact of two 25 basis-point reductions in the FOMC's federal funds target interest rate in the fourth quarter of 2025. The 8 basis-point increase in net interest spread was partially offset by a 6 basis-point reduction in the contribution of interest-free funds reflecting a lower interest rate environment.

Taxable-equivalent net interest income for the first three months of 2026 increased $56 million as compared with the same 2025 period. That increase reflects a 5 basis-point widening of the net interest margin driven by a 37 basis-point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by a 16 basis-point decline in yields received on earning assets. Contributing to those changes was the aforementioned FOMC interest rate reductions in 2025. The yields received on earning assets in the recent quarter reflect a comparatively favorable impact from interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk purposes on yields received on commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans. Partially offsetting the overall decline in yields received on earning assets was an increase in the yields received on investment securities from the deployment of liquidity into fixed rate investment securities throughout 2025 and the first three months of 2026 that yielded higher rates than investment securities that matured or were sold. The 21 basis-point increase in net interest spread was partially offset by a 16 basis-point reduction in the contribution of interest-free funds, reflecting lower average balances of noninterest-bearing deposits and a lower rate environment.

Future changes in market interest rates or spreads, as well as changes in the composition of the Company’s portfolios of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities that result in changes to spreads, could impact the Company’s net interest income and net interest margin. Future changes in the levels of net interest-free funds and the interest rates used to value such funds could also impact the Company's net interest margin.

Interest rate swap agreements

Management assesses the potential impact of future changes in interest rates and spreads by projecting net interest income under several interest rate scenarios. In managing interest rate risk, the Company has utilized interest rate swap agreements to modify the repricing characteristics of certain portions of its earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Under the terms of those interest rate swap agreements, the Company generally received payments based on the outstanding notional amount at fixed rates and made payments at variable rates. Periodic settlement amounts arising from these agreements are reflected in either the yields received on earning assets or the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The Company enters into forward-starting interest rate swap agreements predominantly to hedge interest rate exposures expected in future periods. The following table summarizes information about interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

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INTEREST RATE SWAP AGREEMENTS - DESIGNATED AS HEDGES

Information regarding the fair value of interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges and cash flow hedges is presented in note 10 of Notes to Financial Statements. The average notional amounts of interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes (excluding forward-starting interest rate swap agreements not in effect during the quarter), the related effect on net interest income and margin, and the weighted-average interest rates paid or received on those swap agreements are presented in the table that follows.

INTEREST RATE SWAP AGREEMENTS - EFFECT ON NET INTEREST INCOME

(a)Computed as an annualized percentage of average earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities.

(b)Excludes forward-starting interest rate swap agreements not in effect during the period.

(c)Weighted-average rate paid or received on interest rate swap agreements in effect during the period.

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Lending activities

The following table summarizes changes in the components of average loans and reflects the Company's efforts to reduce its exposure to commercial real estate loans designated as criticized.

AVERAGE LOANS

Average loans totaled $138.4 billion in the first quarter of 2026, up $823 million from the fourth quarter of 2025.

•Average commercial and industrial loans grew $1.5 billion reflecting growth in loans to the financial and insurance industry.

•Commercial real estate loans decreased $605 million, reflecting reductions of $293 million and $312 million of average construction and average permanent commercial real estate loans, respectively.

•Average consumer loans decreased $171 million reflecting lower average balances of automobile loans of $125 million and recreational finance loans of $92 million.

In the first three months of 2026, average loans increased $3.6 billion from the corresponding 2025 period.

•Average commercial and industrial loans increased $2.7 billion reflecting growth that spanned most industry types.

•Average commercial real estate loans declined $2.8 billion as the Company executed various strategies to reduce its relative concentration of such loans designated as criticized. Average permanent and construction commercial real estate loans decreased by $381 million and $2.4 billion, respectively. The decline in average commercial real estate construction loans reflects the sale of $661 million of out-of-footprint residential builder and developer loans in June 2025.

•Average residential real estate loans increased $1.6 billion reflecting the retention of originated residential mortgage loans and purchases.

•Average consumer loans increased $2.0 billion reflecting growth in average recreational finance loans of $1.4 billion, home equity loans and lines of credit of $227 million and automobile loans of $188 million.

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Borrowers in the financial and insurance industry include real estate investment trusts and other specialty lending businesses including fund banking companies and mortgage warehouse lending businesses. Approximately 89% of loans to the financial and insurance industry and 7% of loans to the services industry were designated as loans to NDFIs as prescribed in regulatory guidance applicable to the Company at March 31, 2026. The following table presents commercial and industrial commitments and outstanding balances of loans to NDFIs at March 31, 2026.

COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL COMMITMENTS AND LOANS TO NDFIs

(a)Includes real estate investment trust credit facilities, residential mortgage warehouse lines of credit and mortgage loan servicing rights secured financing.

(b)Primarily subscription credit facilities.

(c)Includes credit facilities to wholesale lender finance and leasing companies and business development companies.

(d)Includes credit facilities to consumer lender finance and leasing companies.

Investing activities

The Company's investment securities portfolio is primarily comprised of government-issued or guaranteed residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities, but also includes municipal and other securities. When purchasing investment securities, the Company considers its liquidity position and its overall interest rate risk profile as well as the adequacy of expected returns relative to risks assumed, including prepayments. The Company may occasionally sell investment securities as a result of movements in interest rates and spreads, changes in liquidity needs, actual or anticipated prepayments, credit risk associated with a particular security, or as a result of restructuring its investment securities portfolio. The amounts of investment securities held by the Company are influenced by such factors as available yield in comparison with alternative investments, demand for loans, which generally yield more than investment securities, ongoing repayments, the levels of deposits, and management of liquidity and balance sheet size and resulting capital ratios. Information about the Company's average investment securities portfolio is presented in the following table.

AVERAGE INVESTMENT SECURITIES

(a)Primarily government issued or guaranteed.

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The investment securities portfolio averaged $37.8 billion in the first quarter of 2026, up $1.1 billion and $3.4 billion from the fourth and first quarters of 2025, respectively. Those increases reflect the Company's deployment of liquidity into primarily fixed-rate mortgage-backed investment securities classified as available-for-sale. In the recent quarter the Company sold $2.5 billion of U.S. Treasury securities, all of which had maturity dates in 2026. As a result of the purchases of higher-yielding securities and sales, paydowns and maturities of lower-yielding securities, the weighted-average current yield for total investment securities available for sale increased to 4.71% at March 31, 2026 and 4.64% at December 31, 2025 from 4.42% at March 31, 2025. The weighted-average duration of that portfolio was 3.1 years at March 31, 2026 as compared with 2.4 years and 2.5 years at December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively. The increase in the weighted-average duration in the recent quarter reflects the sale of U.S. Treasury securities near maturity and purchase of fixed rate mortgage-backed investment securities with longer maturity dates. The Company routinely adjusts its holdings of capital stock of the FHLB of New York and the FRB of New York based on amounts of outstanding borrowings and available lines of credit with those entities.

The Company regularly reviews its debt investment securities for declines in value below amortized cost that might be indicative of credit-related losses. There were no credit-related losses on debt investment securities recognized in each of the three months ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025. Additional information about the investment securities portfolio is included in notes 2 and 12 of Notes to Financial Statements.

Other earning assets include interest-bearing deposits at banks and trading account assets. Those other earning assets in the aggregate averaged $16.3 billion in the recent quarter, compared with $18.1 billion and $19.8 billion during the three months ended December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively, and were primarily comprised of deposits held at the FRB of New York. The Company considers such deposits to be an immediate source of funds in its liquidity management processes. In general, the levels of those deposits often fluctuate due to changes in deposits of retail and commercial customers, trust-related deposits and brokered deposits, lending activities and additions to or maturities of investment securities or borrowings.

Funding activities - deposits

The most significant source of funding for the Company is core deposits from its customer base. The Company considers noninterest-bearing deposits, savings and interest-checking deposits and time deposits of $250,000 or less as core deposits. The Company’s domestic banking network is its principal source of core deposits, which generally carry lower interest rates than wholesale funds of comparable maturities. Average core deposits represented 79% of average earning assets at each of the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, compared with 78% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The Company also utilizes brokered deposits as a component of its wholesale funding strategy. Depending on market conditions, including demand by customers and other investors, and the cost of funds available from alternative sources, the Company may change the amount or composition of brokered deposits in the future. The following table provides an analysis of changes in the components of average deposits.

AVERAGE DEPOSITS

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Total deposits averaged $164.3 billion in the recent quarter, down $789 million from the fourth quarter of 2025.

•Average core deposits increased $531 million reflecting higher noninterest-bearing deposits and a rise in average savings and interest-checking deposits largely driven by growth in commercial customer deposits, partially offset by lower average time deposits of retail customers.

•Average brokered deposits decreased $1.2 billion reflecting changes in the Company's wholesale funding composition.

Total average deposits increased $3.0 billion from the year-earlier quarter.

•Average core deposits grew $4.2 billion predominantly reflecting growth in average savings and interest-checking deposit balances from commercial customers. Partially offsetting that growth was lower average noninterest-bearing deposit balances of those commercial customers and a decline in average balances of retail customer time deposits reflecting maturities.

•Average brokered deposits declined $966 million reflecting changes in the Company's wholesale funding composition.

The accompanying table summarizes the components of average total deposits by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025.

AVERAGE DEPOSITS BY REPORTABLE SEGMENT

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Funding activities - borrowings

The following table summarizes the average balances utilized from the Company's short-term and long-term borrowing facilities and note programs.

AVERAGE BORROWINGS

The Company uses borrowing capacity from banks, the FHLBs, the FRB of New York and others as sources of funding. Short-term borrowings represent arrangements that at the time they were entered into had a contractual maturity of one year or less. The higher levels of short-term borrowings in the first quarter of 2026 as compared with the fourth and first quarters of 2025 reflect the Company's management of liquidity.

The levels of long-term borrowings reflect the Company's strategies to diversify its wholesale funding sources to provide long-term funding stabilization. The following table provides a summary of the Company's issuances, maturities and redemptions of long-term borrowings in the recent quarter.

LONG-TERM BORROWING ISSUANCES, MATURITIES AND REDEMPTIONS

(a)At par value.

(b)Excludes paydowns of asset-backed notes. There were no maturities or redemptions of long-term borrowings in the first quarter of 2026.

Additional information regarding borrowings is provided in notes 4 and 11 of Notes to Financial Statements.

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