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(a)The FTE adjustments included in the above table were $25, $16 and $12 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(b)Net interest income (FTE), net interest margin (FTE) and net interest rate spread (FTE) are non-GAAP measures. For further information, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of MD&A.

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(a)Changes in interest not solely due to volume or yield/rate are allocated in proportion to the absolute dollar amount of change in volume and yield/rate.

Provision for Credit Losses

The Bancorp provides, as an expense, an amount for expected credit losses within the loan and lease portfolio and the portfolio of unfunded commitments and letters of credit that is based on factors previously discussed in the Critical Accounting Policies section of MD&A. The provision is recorded to bring the ALLL and reserve for unfunded commitments to a level deemed appropriate by the Bancorp to cover losses expected in the portfolios. Actual credit losses on loans and leases are charged against the ALLL. The amount of loans and leases actually removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheets are referred to as charge-offs. Net charge-offs include current period charge-offs less recoveries on previously charged-off loans and leases.

The provision for credit losses was $515 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $563 million in the prior year. The provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily driven by factors which resulted in an increase to the ACL during the year, including changes in product mix, the impacts of qualitative factors and increases in reserves for individually evaluated loans, partially offset by the impact of a decrease in end-of-period loan and lease balances. The provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily driven by factors which resulted in an increase to the ACL during the year, including growth in loan and lease balances and deterioration in the macroeconomic forecast, partially offset by the impacts of qualitative factors. The provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2022 also included the initial recognition of provision for credit losses on loans acquired as part of a business acquisition completed in the second quarter of 2022.

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The ALLL increased $128 million from December 31, 2022 to $2.3 billion at December 31, 2023 inclusive of a $49 million reduction from the impact of the adoption of ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023, as further discussed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. At December 31, 2023, the ALLL as a percent of portfolio loans and leases increased to 1.98%, compared to 1.81% at December 31, 2022. The reserve for unfunded commitments decreased $50 million from December 31, 2022 to $166 million at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, the ACL as a percent of portfolio loans and leases increased to 2.12%, compared to 1.98% at December 31, 2022.

Refer to the Credit Risk Management subsection of the Risk Management section of MD&A as well as Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the provision for credit losses, including an analysis of loan and lease portfolio composition, nonperforming assets, net charge-offs and other factors considered by the Bancorp in assessing the credit quality of the loan and lease portfolio and determining the level of the ACL.

Noninterest Income

Noninterest income increased $115 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The following table presents the components of noninterest income:

Commercial banking revenue

Commercial banking revenue increased $59 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily driven by increases in loan syndication fees, institutional brokerage revenue and foreign exchange fees, partially offset by decreases in revenue from commercial customer interest rate derivatives and merger and acquisition fees.

Wealth and asset management revenue

Wealth and asset management revenue increased $11 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to increases in broker income and private client service fees. The Bancorp’s trust and registered investment advisory businesses had approximately $574 billion and $510 billion in total assets under care as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and managed $59 billion and $55 billion in assets for individuals, corporations and not-for-profit organizations as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Service charges on deposits

Service charges on deposits decreased $12 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 due to a decrease in service charges on both commercial and consumer deposits. Service charges on commercial deposits were $424 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $10 million from the prior year primarily due to higher treasury management earnings credits driven by market interest rates, partially offset by an increase in commercial treasury management fees. Service charges on consumer deposits were $153 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $2 million from the prior year primarily due to a decrease in consumer checking fees driven by the elimination of non-sufficient funds fees during the third quarter of 2022.

Card and processing revenue

Card and processing revenue increased $7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to increases in credit and debit card interchange and electronic funds transfer income, partially offset by increased reward costs.

Mortgage banking net revenue

Mortgage banking net revenue increased $35 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.

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The following table presents the components of mortgage banking net revenue:

Origination fees and gains on loan sales decreased $12 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily driven by lower volumes of residential mortgage loan originations as well as a decrease in gains from sales of government-guaranteed loans that were previously in forbearance programs. Residential mortgage loan originations decreased to $5.6 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $14.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to the impact of higher market interest rates on originations.

The following table presents the components of net valuation adjustments on the MSR portfolio and the impact of the Bancorp’s non-qualifying hedging strategy.

(a)Primarily reflects changes in prepayment speed and OAS assumptions which are updated based on market interest rates.

(b)Primarily reflects changes due to realized cash flows and the passage of time.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Bancorp recognized losses of $105 million and income of $177 million, respectively, in mortgage banking net revenue for valuation adjustments on the MSR portfolio. The valuation adjustments on the MSR portfolio included increases of $43 million and $355 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, due to changes in market rates and other inputs in the valuation model, including future prepayment speeds and OAS assumptions. Mortgage rates increased slightly during the year ended December 31, 2023, which caused a decrease in prepayment speeds. The fair value of the MSR portfolio also decreased $148 million and $178 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of contractual principal payments and actual prepayment activity.

Further detail on the valuation of MSRs can be found in Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The Bancorp maintains a non-qualifying hedging strategy to manage a portion of the risk associated with changes in the valuation of the MSR portfolio. Refer to Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the free-standing derivatives used to economically hedge the MSR portfolio.

In addition to the derivative positions used to economically hedge the MSR portfolio, the Bancorp acquires various securities as a component of its non-qualifying hedging strategy. Gains and losses on these securities are recorded in securities losses, net - non-qualifying hedges on mortgage servicing rights in the Bancorp’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Bancorp’s total residential mortgage loans serviced at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $117.0 billion and $120.2 billion, respectively, with $100.8 billion and $103.2 billion, respectively, of residential mortgage loans serviced for others.

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Leasing business revenue

Leasing business revenue decreased $29 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily driven by decreases in operating lease income, lease remarketing fees and leasing business solutions revenue. The decrease in leasing business solutions revenue was related to the disposition of LaSalle Solutions during the second quarter of 2022.

Other noninterest income

The following table presents the components of other noninterest income:

Other noninterest income decreased $58 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to decreases in private equity investment income and income from the TRA associated with Worldpay, Inc., partially offset by an increase in equity method investment income.

Private equity investment income decreased $26 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the prior year primarily driven by gains realized on certain private equity investments during the prior year. Income from the TRA associated with Worldpay, Inc. was $22 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $46 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. For more information, refer to Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Equity method investment income increased $30 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the prior year primarily due to a gain on the partial disposition of an equity method investment during the second quarter of 2023.

Securities gains (losses), net

Net securities gains were $18 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared with losses of $82 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. For more information, refer to Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense increased $486 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The following table presents the components of noninterest expense:

(a)This is a non-GAAP measure. For further information, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of MD&A.

Compensation and benefits expense increased $140 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily driven by an increase in base compensation, which includes the impact of merit increases, the additional personnel costs of an acquired business, the impact of raising the Bancorp’s minimum wage in the third quarter of 2022 and an increase in severance expense. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 also included an increase in non-qualified

66 Fifth Third Bancorp deferred compensation expense. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in performance-based compensation. Full-time equivalent employees totaled 18,724 at December 31, 2023 compared to 19,319 at December 31, 2022.

Technology and communications expense increased $48 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily driven by increased investments in strategic initiatives and technology modernization.

Net occupancy expense increased $24 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily driven by fluctuations in energy prices, higher expenses associated with the maintenance and renovation of banking centers and the impacts of exiting mortgage warehouse lending.

Marketing expense increased $8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to an increase in deposit campaigns.

Leasing business expense decreased $10 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily driven by a decrease in depreciation expense associated with operating lease equipment.

The following table presents the components of other noninterest expense:

Other noninterest expense increased $269 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to an increase in FDIC insurance and other taxes, partially offset by a decrease in loan and lease expense.

FDIC insurance and other taxes increased $253 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily as a result of a $224 million FDIC special assessment, as further discussed in the Overview section of MD&A, as well as an increase in the FDIC insurance initial base deposit insurance assessment rate.

Loan and lease expense decreased $34 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily driven by a decrease in loan servicing expenses related to the Bancorp’s sales of certain government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans that were previously in forbearance programs and serviced by a third party. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 also included a decrease in loan closing expense related to lower origination volumes for residential mortgage loans.

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Applicable Income Taxes

Applicable income tax expense for all periods presented includes the benefits from tax-exempt income, tax-advantaged investments and tax credits (and other related tax benefits), partially offset by the effect of proportional amortization of qualifying LIHTC investments and certain nondeductible expenses. The tax credits are primarily associated with the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program established under Section 42 of the IRC, the New Markets Tax Credit program established under Section 45D of the IRC, the Rehabilitation Investment Tax Credit program established under Section 47 of the IRC, the Credit for Increasing Research Activities program established under Section 41 of the IRC and the Qualified Zone Academy Bond program established under Section 1397E of the IRC.

The effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were primarily impacted by $230 million and $219 million, respectively, of low-income housing tax credits and other tax benefits and $25 million and $26 million, respectively, of tax benefits from tax-exempt income, which were partially offset by $200 million and $189 million, respectively, of proportional amortization related to qualifying LIHTC investments.

The Bancorp’s income before income taxes, applicable income tax expense and effective tax rate are as follows:

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