DMC Global Inc

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The Company's consolidated financial statements ("Consolidated Financial Statements") include the accounts of DMC and its controlled subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts, profits, and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Business Combination

The results of a business acquired in a business combination are included in the Company’s financial statements from the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related transaction costs are expensed in the period in which the costs are incurred. The Company allocates purchase price to the identifiable assets and liabilities of the acquired business at their acquisition date fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the amount allocated to the identifiable assets and liabilities, if any, is recorded as goodwill.

Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to make significant judgments and estimates, including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates and selection of comparable companies.

Foreign Operations and Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

The functional currency of our foreign operations is the applicable local currency for each affiliate company. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries for which the functional currency is the local currency are translated at exchange rates in effect at period-end, and the Statements of Operations are translated at the average exchange rates during the period. Exchange rate fluctuations on translating foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are referred to as translation adjustments. Translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and are included in "Other cumulative comprehensive loss." Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. Subsequent changes in exchange rates result in transaction gains and losses, which are reflected in "Other expense, net" as unrealized, based on period-end exchange rates, or realized, upon settlement of the transaction. Cash flows from our operations in foreign countries are translated at actual exchange rates when known, or at the average rate for the period. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows will not agree to changes in the corresponding balances in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The effects of exchange rate changes on cash balances held in foreign currencies are reported as a separate line item below cash flows from financing activities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the Consolidated Financial Statements, we consider highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Marketable Securities

In periods where we hold excess cash and cash equivalents, we invest in highly rated securities, with the primary objectives of preserving principal, providing access to liquidity to fund the ongoing operations and strategic needs of the Company and its subsidiaries, and achieving a yield that is commensurate with low risk and highly liquid securities. The Company’s investment policy generally limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer.

Accounts Receivable

The Company measures expected credit losses for its accounts receivable using a current expected credit loss model, which is based on historical experience, adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company has disaggregated pools of accounts receivable balances by business, geography and/or customer risk profile and has used history and other experience to establish an allowance for credit losses at the time the receivable is recognized. To measure expected credit losses, we have elected to pool trade receivables by segment and analyze each segment's accounts receivable balances as separate populations. Within each segment, receivables exhibit similar risk characteristics.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, our expected loss rate reflects uncertainties in market conditions present in our businesses, including supply chain disruptions, industry consolidation, rising interest rates, as well as global geopolitical and economic instability. In addition, we reviewed receivables outstanding, including aged balances, and in circumstances where we are aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligation to us, we recorded a specific allowance for credit losses against the amounts due, reducing the net receivable recognized to the amount we estimate will be collected. The offsetting expense is charged to “Selling and distribution expenses” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Net provisions of $4,930 were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded net provisions of $1,146 and $720, respectively.

The following table summarizes current year activity in the allowance for credit losses on receivables from customers in each of our business segments:

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, except for assets acquired in acquisitions which are recorded at fair value. Additions and improvements are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the related asset (except leasehold improvements which are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful life or the lease term) as follows:

Gross property, plant and equipment consisted of the following at December 31:

Asset Impairments

Finite-lived assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. We compare the expected undiscounted future operating cash flows associated with applicable assets or asset groupings to their respective carrying values to determine if they are fully recoverable when indicators of impairment are present. If the expected future operating cash flows of an asset or asset grouping are not sufficient to recover the related carrying value, we estimate the fair value of the asset or asset grouping. Impairment is recognized when the carrying amount of the asset or asset grouping is not recoverable and when carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Long-lived assets to be disposed of, if any, are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded asset impairments of $1,182 primarily related to the abandonment of a planned manufacturing expansion at DynaEnergetics. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded asset impairments of $2,471 primarily related to a $1,871 impairment charge associated with the abandonment of a software asset at DynaEnergetics and $440 attributable to a manufacturing asset at NobelClad that was removed from production. For the year ended December 31, 2022, no asset impairments were recorded.

Contract Liabilities

At times, we require customers to make advanced payments prior to the shipment of their orders to help finance our inventory investment on large orders or to keep customers’ credit limits at acceptable levels. Contract liabilities consisted of the following at December 31:

We generally expect to recognize the revenue associated with contract liabilities over a time period no longer than one year, but unforeseen circumstances can cause delays in shipments associated with contract liabilities, primarily supply chain delays and disruptions.

Redeemable noncontrolling interest

On December 23, 2021, DMC completed the acquisition of 60% of the membership interests in Arcadia Products, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company resulting from the conversion of Arcadia, Inc. (collectively, “Arcadia Products”). The limited liability company operating agreement for Arcadia Products (the “Operating Agreement”) contains a right for the Company to purchase the remaining interest in Arcadia Products from the minority interest holder on or after December 23, 2024 (“Call Option”). Similarly, the Operating Agreement originally permitted the minority interest holder of Arcadia Products the right to sell its remaining interest in Arcadia Products to the Company on or after December 23, 2024 ("Put Option"). On December 3, 2024, the Company and minority interest holder entered into an amendment to the Operating Agreement whereby the minority interest holder agreed not to exercise the Put Option until on or after September 6, 2026 in exchange for, among other terms, a one-time payment of $2,500. The $2,500 payment was made in December 2024 and has been accounted for as a deemed dividend and thus an immediate reduction of stockholders' equity.

The purchase price for any interests sold pursuant to the Call Option or Put Option continues to be based upon a predefined calculation as included within the Operating Agreement. In connection with an exercise of the Call Option, the Operating Agreement would require payment of the purchase price in cash. However, in connection with the exercise of the Put Option, the Operating Agreement permits the Company the option to pay the purchase price in cash or in a combination of cash and preferred stock that would be authorized at that time.

The Company initially accounted for the noncontrolling interest at its acquisition date fair value. We determined that neither the Call Option nor the Put Option meet the definition of a derivative as the Operating Agreement does not allow for contractual net settlement, the options cannot be settled outside the Operating Agreement through a market mechanism, and the underlying shares are deemed illiquid as they are not publicly traded and thus not considered readily convertible to cash. Additionally, the settlement price for both options is based upon a predefined calculation tied to adjusted earnings rather than a fixed price, and the formula is based upon a multiple of Arcadia Products’ average adjusted earnings over a three-year period, subject to a floor value as defined in the Operating Agreement which is based primarily upon a contractually stated equity value. As such, we have concluded that the Call Option and Put Option are embedded within the noncontrolling interest and therefore do not represent freestanding instruments.

Given that the noncontrolling interest is subject to possible redemption with redemption rights that are not entirely within the control of the Company, we have concluded that the noncontrolling interest should be accounted for in accordance with ASC 480 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity ("ASC 480"). The noncontrolling interest is also probable of redemption, as the only criteria for the security to become redeemable is the passage of time. As such, the redeemable noncontrolling interest is classified in temporary equity, separate from the stockholders’ equity section, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

At each balance sheet date subsequent to acquisition, two separate calculations must be performed to determine the value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest. First, the redeemable noncontrolling interest must be accounted for in accordance with ASC 810 Consolidation (“ASC 810”) whereby income (loss) and cash distributions attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interest holder are ascribed. After this occurs, applicable provisions of ASC 480 must be considered to determine whether any further adjustment is necessary to increase the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest. An adjustment would only be necessary if the estimated settlement amount of the redeemable noncontrolling interest, per the terms of the Operating Agreement, exceeds the carrying value calculated in accordance with ASC 810. If such adjustment is required, the impact is immediately recorded to retained earnings and additional paid-in capital, upon absence of retained earnings, and therefore does not impact the Consolidated Statements of Operations or Comprehensive (Loss) Income. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the redeemable noncontrolling interest was $187,080 and $187,760, respectively. The December 31, 2024 redeemable noncontrolling interest value is equal to the floor value per the Operating Agreement.

Promissory Note

In order to equalize after-tax consideration to the redeemable noncontrolling interest holder relative to an alternative transaction structure, immediately following the closing of the acquisition, the Company loaned $24,902 to the redeemable noncontrolling interest holder. The loan was evidenced by an unsecured promissory note, and the loan will be repaid out of proceeds from the sale of the redeemable noncontrolling interest holder’s interests in Arcadia Products, whether received upon exercise of the Put Option, the Call Option or upon sales to third parties permitted under the terms of the Operating Agreement. The loan must be repaid in full at the earlier of the exercise of the Put or Call Option, or by December 16, 2051, and has been recorded within “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenues are derived from consideration paid by customers for tangible goods. The Company analyzes its different products by segment to determine the appropriate basis for revenue recognition. Revenue is not generated from sources other than contracts with customers and revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. There are no material upfront costs for operations that are incurred from contracts with customers.

Our rights to payments for goods transferred to customers within our DynaEnergetics and NobelClad business segments arise when control is transferred at a point in time and not on any other criteria. Our rights to payments for goods transferred to customers within our Arcadia Products business segment also predominantly arise when control is transferred at a point in time; however, at times, control of certain customized, project-based products passes to the customer over time. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 90 days across all of our segments. In instances when we require customers to make advanced payments prior to the shipment of their orders, we record a contract liability. We have determined that our contract liabilities do not include a significant financing component given the short duration between order initiation and order fulfillment within each of our segments. Refer to Note 11 “Business Segments” for disaggregated revenue disclosures.

Customers agree to terms and conditions at the time of initiating an order. A significant portion of transactions contain standard architectural building materials that are not made-to-order, which include standard storefronts and entrance systems, windows, curtain walls, and interior partitions. In instances where multiple products are included within an order, each product represents a separate performance obligation given that: (1) the customer can benefit from each product on a standalone basis and (2) each product is distinct within the context of the contract.

The transaction price is readily determinable and fixed at the time the transaction is entered into with the customer. Arcadia Products is entitled to each product’s transaction price upon the customer obtaining control of the item. For standard architectural building materials that are not made-to-order, such control transfers at a point in time, which is generally when the product has been shipped to the customer and the legal title has been transferred. Upon shipment and title transfer, Arcadia Products has performed its contractual requirements such that it has a present right to payment, and the customer from that point forward bears all risks and rewards of ownership. In addition, at this date, the customer has the ability to direct the use of, or restrict access to, the asset. Payment discounts, rebates, refunds, or any other forms of variable consideration are typically not granted to Arcadia Products customers.

For contracts that contain only one performance obligation, the total transaction price is allocated to the sole performance obligation. For contracts which contain multiple distinct performance obligations, judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price (“SSP”) for each performance obligation. However, such judgment is largely mitigated given that standard architectural building materials purchased are generally shipped at the same time. In instances where products purchased are not shipped at the same time, Arcadia Products uses thecontractually stated price to determine SSP as each performance obligation's price has been approved by the customer and approximates the price sold separately.

At times, Arcadia Products will also contract with customers to supply customized architectural building materials based on design specifications, measurements, finishes, framing materials, and other options selected by the customer at the time an order is initiated. For these contracts, which are significantly less frequent in both volume and financial statement magnitude, Arcadia Products has an enforceable right to payment from its customers at the time an order is received and accepted for all manufacturing efforts expended on behalf of its customers. Due to the customized nature of these products, the Company has concluded that the substantial portion of the related goods produced have no alternative use, and therefore control of these products passes to the customer over time. We have concluded that recognizing revenue utilizing an over-time output method based upon units delivered reasonably depicts the fulfillment of our performance obligations under our contracts and the value received by the customer based upon our performance to date. This conclusion is further supported by the frequency of shipments in fulfilling these contracts. We have elected not to disclose our unsatisfied performance obligations as of December 31, 2024 under the short-term contract exemption as we expect such performance obligations will be satisfied within the next 12 months following the end of the reporting period.

Billings for customized architectural building materials occur at times upon delivery, but also can occur via pre-established billing schedules agreed upon at the commencement of the contract. Therefore, we frequently generate contract liabilities in instances when we have billed the customer in excess of revenue recognized for units delivered.

Customers agree to terms and conditions at the time of initiating an order. Transactions contain standard products, which may include perforating system components, such as detonating cord, or systems and associated hardware, including Factory-Assembled, Performance-Assured TM DynaStage®("DS") perforating systems. In instances where multiple products are included within an order, each product represents a separate performance obligation given that: (1) the customer can benefit from each product on a standalone basis and (2) each product is distinct within the context of the contract. However, judgment is significantly mitigated given that products purchased are generally shipped at the same time.

The transaction price is readily determinable and fixed at the time the transaction is entered into with the customer. DynaEnergetics is entitled to each product’s transaction price upon the customer obtaining control of the item. Such control occurs as of a point in time, which is generally based upon relevant International Commercial Terms (“Incoterms") as it relates to product ownership and legal title being transferred. Upon fulfillment of applicable Incoterms, DynaEnergetics has performed its contractual requirements such that it has a present right to payment, and the customer from that point forward bears all risks and rewards of ownership. In addition, at this date, the customer has the ability to direct the use of, or restrict access to, the asset. No payment discounts, rebates, refunds, or any other forms of variable consideration are included within contracts. DynaEnergetics also does not provide service-type warranties either via written agreement or customary business practice, nor does it allow customer returns without its prior approval.

Customers agree to terms and conditions at the time of initiating an order. The significant majority of transactions contain a single performance obligation - the delivery of a clad metal product. In instances where multiple products are included within an order, each product represents a separate performance obligation given that: (1) the customer can benefit from each product on a standalone basis and (2) each product is distinct within the context of the contract. However, judgment is significantly mitigated given that products purchased are generally shipped at the same time.

The transaction price is readily determinable and fixed at the time the transaction is entered into with the customer. NobelClad is entitled to each product’s transaction price upon the customer obtaining control of the item. Such control occurs as of a point in time, which is generally based upon relevant Incoterms as it relates to product ownership and legal title being transferred. Upon fulfillment of applicable Incoterms, NobelClad has performed its contractual requirements such that it has a present right to payment, and the customer from that point forward bears all risks and rewards of ownership. In addition, at this date, the customer has the ability to direct the use of, or restrict access to, the asset. No payment discounts, rebates, refunds, or any other forms of variable consideration are included within NobelClad contracts. NobelClad also does not provide service-type warranties either via written agreement or customary business practice, nor does it allow customer returns.

Research and development costs include expenses associated with developing new products and processes as well as improvements to current manufacturing processes. Research and development costs were $5,837, $6,864, and $6,781 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future income tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Any effects of changes in income tax rates or tax laws are included in the provision for income taxes in the period of enactment. The deferred income tax impact of tax credits are recognized as an immediate adjustment to income tax expense. We recognize deferred tax assets for the expected future effects of all deductible temporary differences to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. We record a valuation allowance when, based on current circumstances, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, recent financial performance and existing valuation allowances, if any.

We recognize the tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits of the position, that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigation. The tax benefits recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements from such a position are measured as the largest benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate resolution. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in operating expense.

Refer to Note 10 "Income Taxes" for further information.

Earnings Per Share

In periods with net income, the Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) using a two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for (i) each class of common stock (the Company has a single class of common stock), and (ii) participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Restricted stock awards are considered participating securities in periods of net income as they receive non-forfeitable rights to dividends as common stock. Restricted stock awards do not participate in net losses.

Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to the Company's stockholders after adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest and dividends, if applicable, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Net income (loss) available to common shareholders of the Company includes any adjustment to the redeemable noncontrolling interest as of the end of the period presented. Refer to the "Redeemable noncontrolling interest" section above for further discussion of the calculation of the adjustment of the redeemable noncontrolling interest. Diluted EPS adjusts basic EPS for the effects of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance share units and other potentially dilutive financial instruments (dilutive securities), only in the periods in which such effect is dilutive. The effect of the dilutive securities is reflected in diluted EPS by application of the more dilutive of (1) the treasury stock method or (2) the two-class method. For the applicable periods presented, diluted EPS using the two-class method was more dilutive than the treasury stock method; as such, only the two-class method has been included below.

EPS was calculated as follows for the years ended December 31:

(1)Given we were in a net loss position for the year ended December 31, 2024, all potentially dilutive shares were anti-dilutive and were therefore excluded from the determination of diluted EPS.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We are required to use an established hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the inputs to the valuation and the degree to which they are observable or not observable in the market. The three levels in the hierarchy are as follows:

•Level 1 — Inputs to the valuation based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are accessible as of the measurement date.

•Level 2 — Inputs to the valuation include quoted prices in either markets that are not active, or in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 — Inputs to the valuation that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The highest priority is assigned to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair value. The carrying value of our revolving loans and term loan under our credit facility, when outstanding, also approximate their fair value because of the variable interest rate associated with these instruments, which reset each month at market interest rates. All of these account balances are considered Level 1 assets and liabilities.

Our foreign currency forward contracts are valued using quoted market prices or are determined using a yield curve model based on current market rates. As a result, we classify these instruments as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Money market funds and mutual funds of $974 and $3,257 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, held to satisfy future deferred compensation obligations are valued based upon the market values of underlying securities and are classified as Level 2 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

We did not hold any Level 3 assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Refer to Note 5 "Goodwill" for further information on the valuation approach utilized in assessing the Arcadia Products reporting unit for impairment, which included significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent Level 3 measurements.

Restructuring expenses

Restructuring expenses are incurred from time to time to improve operational efficiency across our businesses. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 we recorded total expenses of $2,526, $3,766, and $182, respectively. In 2024 and 2023, these expenses were primarily related to asset impairments and employee severance. Refer to "Asset Impairments" section above for further description of the asset impairments recorded.

Total restructuring charges incurred are as follows and were reported in the "Restructuring expenses and asset impairments" line item in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31:

Concentration of Credit Risk and Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and accounts receivable. Generally, we do not require collateral to secure receivables. At December 31, 2024, we had no financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk of accounting losses.

Other Cumulative Comprehensive Loss

For all periods presented, other cumulative comprehensive loss consisted entirely of currency translation adjustments.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07 (“ASU 2023-07”), Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which amends reportable segment disclosure requirements to enhance disclosure of significant segment information on an annual and interim basis. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. We have adopted ASU 2023-07 for the year ended December 31, 2024, and comparative periods herein have been restated and reported under the new accounting standard. The new reportable segment disclosure requirements are reflected in Note 11 “Business Segments”.

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09 (“ASU 2023-09”), Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures, which amends income tax disclosure requirements for the effective tax rate reconciliation to include incremental income tax information and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and is applied prospectively. Early adoption and retrospective application of the amendments are permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on our financial statements and disclosures.

We have considered all other recent accounting pronouncements issued, but not yet effective, and we do not expect any to have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

3. INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. Significant cost elements included in inventory are raw materials, labor, freight, subcontract costs, and manufacturing overhead. As necessary, we write down inventory to its net realizable value by recording provisions for excess, slow moving and obsolete inventory. To determine provision amounts, we regularly review inventory quantities on hand and values, and compare them to estimates of future product demand, market conditions, production requirements and technological developments.

Inventories consisted of the following as of December 31, 2024:

Inventories consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023:

4. PURCHASED INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Our purchased intangible assets primarily include finite-lived customer relationships and trademarks/trade names. Customer relationships are amortized using an accelerated amortization method over the estimated useful life. Trademarks/trade names are amortized ratably over the estimated useful life.

The remaining weighted average amortization periods for unamortized purchased intangible assets are as follows as of December 31, 2024:

Our purchased intangible assets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2024:

Our purchased intangible assets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023:

The change in the gross value of our unamortized purchased intangible assets at December 31, 2024 from December 31, 2023 was primarily due to foreign currency translation.

Expected future amortization of purchased intangible assets is as follows:

5. GOODWILL

Goodwill represents the amount by which the purchase price exceeds the fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not subject to amortization and is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value might not be fully recoverable. A qualitative assessment is allowed to determine if goodwill is potentially impaired. The qualitative assessment determines whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. If it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, then a quantitative impairment test is performed. The quantitative goodwill impairment test is used to identify both the existence of impairment and the amount of impairment loss. The test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded for the difference.

In connection with the preparation of its quarterly financial statements during the third quarter of 2024, the Company assessed changes in circumstances that occurred during the quarter to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of its Arcadia Products reporting unit was below its carrying amount. While there was no single determinative event or factor, potential triggering events during the third quarter of 2024, including recent financial performance not in accordance with expectations and downward revisions to the near-term forecast, led the Company to conclude that when considering the events and factors in totality, it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Arcadia Products reporting unit was below its carrying value at September 30, 2024. As such, a quantitative goodwill impairment test was performed. The Company utilized the market approach to estimate the fair value of the Arcadia Products reporting unit, but also considered the income approach to validate the results. The market approach includes observable inputs of fair value, including but not limited to non-binding offers received from third-parties and comparative market multiples. The income approach estimates the fair value by discounting the reporting unit’s estimated future cash flows using an estimated discount rate, or expected return, that a marketplace participant would have required as of the valuation date. For both approaches, the inputs used in the determination of fair value are generally Level 3 inputs.

Based on the results of our quantitative goodwill impairment test, we recorded a $141,725 impairment charge to goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2024, which is included in “Goodwill impairment” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

6. LEASES

The Company leases real properties for use in manufacturing and as administrative and sales offices, and leases automobiles and office equipment. The Company determines if a contract contains a lease arrangement at the inception of the contract. For leases in which the Company is the lessee, leases are classified as either finance or operating. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are initially measured at the present value of lease payments over the lease term plus initial direct costs, if any. If a lease does not provide a discount rate and the implicit rate cannot be readily determined, an incremental borrowing rate is used to determine the present value of future lease payments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Lease and non-lease components within the Company’s lease agreements are accounted for together. Variable lease payments are recognized in the period in which the obligation is incurred. The Company has no leases in which the Company is the lessor.

Nearly all of the Company’s leasing arrangements are classified as operating leases. ROU asset and lease liability balances were as follows for the periods presented:

The ROU asset is reported in “Other assets” while the current lease liability is reported in “Other current liabilities” and the long-term lease liability is reported in “Other long-term liabilities” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash paid for operating lease liabilities is recorded as operating cash outflows in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Arcadia Products leases certain office, manufacturing, distribution and warehouse facilities from entities affiliated with the redeemable noncontrolling interest holder and president of Arcadia Products as of February 3, 2025. There were eight such leases in effect as of December 31, 2024, with expiration dates ranging from calendar years 2025 to 2031, inclusive of the assumed exercise of renewal options. As of December 31, 2024, the total ROU asset and related lease liability recognized for these leases was $21,788 and $22,880, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, associated lease expense was $4,625 in each period and is included in total operating lease expense.

Total operating lease expense included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations was $13,678, $12,822 and $11,883 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Short term and variable lease costs were not significant for any period presented.

Certain of the Company’s leases contain renewal options and options to extend the lease term for up tofive years, and a majority of these options are reflected in the calculation of the ROU assets and related lease liability due to the likelihood of renewal.

The following table summarizes the weighted average lease terms and discount rates for operating lease liabilities:

The following table represents maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024:

7. DEBT

Outstanding borrowings consisted of the following at December 31:

Syndicated Credit Agreement

On February 6, 2024, the Company and certain domestic subsidiaries entered into an amendment (the “First Amendment”) to its existing credit agreement with a syndicate of banks, led by KeyBank National Association (the “credit facility”). The First Amendment provides for certain changes to the credit facility, including an increase in the maximum commitment amount from$200,000 to$300,000. The credit facility allows for revolving loans of up to$200,000, a$50,000 term loan facility, and a$50,000 delayed draw term loan facility that can be accessed by the Company at its discretion until

February 6, 2026. The$50,000 term loan facility is amortizable at$625 per quarter beginning on June 30, 2024 through March 31, 2026. Quarterly term loan amortization increases to$938 on June 30, 2026 through March 31, 2028, and increases to$1,250 from June 30, 2028 through December 31, 2028. A balloon payment for the outstanding term loan balance is due upon the credit facility maturity date of February 6, 2029. The credit facility retains a$100,000 accordion feature to increase the commitments under the revolving loan and/or by adding one or more term loans subject to approval by the applicable lenders. The credit facility is secured by certain assets of DMC including accounts receivable, inventory, and fixed assets, including Arcadia Products and its subsidiary, as well as guarantees and share pledges by DMC and its subsidiaries. The revolving loan can also be used to issue bank guarantees to customers to secure their advanced payments. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, bank guarantees of $443, respectively, were secured.

Borrowings under the$200,000 revolving loan limit and$50,000 Term Loan can be in the form of Adjusted Daily Simple Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") loans or one month Adjusted Term SOFR loans. Additionally, U.S. dollar borrowings on the revolving loan can be in the form of Base Rate loans (Base Rate borrowings are based on the greater of the administrative agent’s Prime rate, an adjusted Federal Funds rate or an adjusted SOFR rate). SOFR loans bear interest at the applicable SOFR rate plus an applicable margin(varying from 2.25% to 3.25%). Base Rate loans bear interest at the defined Base Rate plus an applicable margin (varying from 1.25% to 2.25%).

The credit facility includes various covenants and restrictions, certain of which relate to the payment of dividends or other distributions to stockholders; redemption of capital stock; incurring additional indebtedness; mortgaging, pledging or disposition of major assets; and maintenance of specified ratios.

The leverage ratio is defined in the credit facility as the ratio of Consolidated Funded Indebtedness (as defined in the credit facility) on the last day of any trailing four quarter period to Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the credit facility) for such period. The maximum leverage ratio permitted by our credit facility is 3.0 to 1.0.

The debt service coverage ratio is defined in the credit facility as the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA less the sum of capital distributions paid in cash (other than those made with respect to preferred stock issued under the Operating Agreement), Consolidated Unfunded Capital Expenditures (as defined in the credit facility), and net cash income taxes divided by the sum of cash interest expense, any dividends on the preferred stock paid in cash, and scheduled principal payments on funded indebtedness. Under our credit facility, the minimum debt service coverage ratio permitted is 1.25 to 1.0.

As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all financial covenants and other provisions of our debt agreements.

Line of Credit with German Bank

We maintain a line of credit with a German bank with a borrowing capacity of €7,000 for our NobelClad and DynaEnergetics operations in Europe. This line of credit is also used to issue bank guarantees to customers to secure their advanced payments. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we hadno outstanding borrowings under the line of credit and bank guarantees of €2,843 and €1,696, respectively, were secured. The line of credit bears interest at a EURIBOR-based variable rate which at December 31, 2024 was 8.11%. The line of credit has open-ended terms and can be canceled by the bank at any time.

8. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND EMPLOYEE STOCK PLANS

Employee stock plans

Our stock-based compensation expense results from restricted stock awards ("RSAs"), restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance share units ("PSUs"), and stock issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31:

On November 4, 2016, our stockholders approved the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2016 Plan”). The 2016 Plan provides for the granting of various types of equity-based incentives, including stock options, RSAs, RSUs, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, performance units, other stock-based awards, and cash-based awards. Our stockholders approved a total of 5,000,000 shares available for grant under the 2016 Plan, less 1,639,881 of RSAs and RSUs previously granted under the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan ("2006 Plan") as of the 2006 Plan's expiration on September 21, 2016. As of the inception of the 2016 Plan,3,360,119 shares were available for grant under the 2016 Plan. As of December 31, 2024, there are 1,124,448 shares available for future grant.

RSAs and RSUs are granted to employees and non-employee directors based on time-vesting. For RSAs or RSUs granted to employees, vesting typically occurs in one-third increments on the first, second, and third anniversary of the grant date. For RSAs or RSUs granted to non-employee directors, vesting occurs on the first anniversary of the grant date. Each RSA represents a restricted share of common stock that has voting and dividend rights and becomes fully unrestricted upon vesting. Each RSU represents the right to receiveone share of stock upon vesting.

The fair value of RSAs and RSUs granted to employees and non-employee directors is based on the fair value of DMC’s stock on the grant date. RSAs and RSUs granted to employees and non-employee directors are amortized to compensation expense over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Our policy is to recognize forfeitures of RSAs and RSUs as they occur.

Prior to 2024, PSUs were granted to employees with vesting based on performance and market conditions. In 2024, PSUs were granted to employees with vesting based solely on market conditions. Each PSU represents the right to receive stock upon the achievement of certain conditions. A target number of PSUs is awarded on the grant date, and the recipient is eligible to earn shares of common stock between 0% and 200% of the number of targeted PSUs awarded. The PSUs earned, if any, cliff vest at the end of the third year following the year of grant based on the degree of satisfaction of the PSU conditions.

For PSUs granted prior to 2024, a portion of an employee's grant is based on actual performance against a target Adjusted EBITDA goal while the remainder is based on the Company's relative total shareholder return ("TSR") performance compared to the peer group disclosed in our Proxy Statement.25% of the PSU grant is based on the achievement of targeted Adjusted EBITDA and 75% of the PSU grant is based on the achievement of relative TSR performance. For PSUs granted in 2024,100% of the employee's grant is based on the Company's relative TSR performance compared to the S&P SmallCap 600 Industrials index.

The fair value of PSUs with target Adjusted EBITDA performance conditions is based on the fair value of DMC’s stock on the grant date, and the value is amortized to compensation expense over the vesting period and is adjusted based on the estimated probable satisfaction of the performance condition at the end of each reporting period. The fair value of PSUs with TSR performance conditions is based on a third-party valuation simulating a range of possible TSR outcomes over the performance period, and the resulting fair value is amortized to compensation expense over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Our policy is to recognize forfeitures of PSUs as they occur.

A summary of the activity of our unvested RSAs issued under the 2016 Plan is as follows:

A summary of the activity of our unvested RSUs issued under the 2016 Plan is as follows:

A summary of the activity of our unvested PSUs issued under the 2016 Plan is as follows:

As of December 31, 2024, total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to unvested awards was as follows:

Stockholders Protection Rights Agreement

On June 5, 2024, the Board adopted the Rights Agreement and declared a dividend of one Right for each share of the Company’s common stock outstanding at the close of business on June 17, 2024. One Right will also be issued together with each share of common stock issued by the Company after that date, but before the Separation Time (as defined in the Rights Agreement). Each Right initially represents the right to purchase one one-thousandth (0.001) of a share of Series B Participating Preferred Stock for $75.00, subject to adjustment and upon such terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Rights Agreement. Rights will generally become exercisable if any person (or any persons acting as a group) acquires “Beneficial Ownership” (as defined in the Rights Agreement) of 10%, or 20% in the case of certain passive investors, or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock. If Rights become exercisable, all holders of Rights (other than the person, entity or group triggering the Rights Agreement, whose rights will become void and will not be exercisable) will have the right to purchase from the Company for $75.00, subject to certain potential adjustments, shares of the Company’s common stock having a market value of twice that amount.

The Rights Agreement expires on June 4, 2025, unless earlier terminated or the Rights are redeemed or exchanged by the Board. There is currently no impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of preferred stock. However, as of December 31, 2024, no preferred stock has been issued.

9. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

401(k) Plan

We offer a contributory 401(k) plan to our U.S. employees. We make matching contributions equal to 100% of each employee’s contribution up to 3% of qualified compensation and 50% of the next 2% of qualified compensation contributed by each employee. Total DMC contributions were $2,694, $2,590, and $1,772 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Foreign Subsidiary Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Plans

We have defined benefit pension plans at certain foreign subsidiaries for which we have recorded an unfunded pension obligation of $1,415 and $1,490 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which is included in "Other long-term liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Annual adjustments to the obligation are based upon actuarial calculations and are recorded within "General and administrative expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recognized expense of $11 and $91 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and income of $536 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In 2020, a new defined contribution pension plan went into effect for employees at certain foreign subsidiaries, which replaced the defined benefit plan described above. Under the new plan, pension benefits will be financed both through contributions by the Company and employees. The Company contributes between 1.5% and 4.5% of the employee's salary annually. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company contributed $287, $285 and $261, respectively, to the defined contribution plan. Past contributions into the defined benefit plan were unchanged by the new defined contribution plan.

Deferred Compensation Plan

The Company maintains a Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) as part of its overall compensation package for certain employees. Participants are eligible to defer a portion of their annual salary, their annual incentive bonus, and their equity awards through the Plan on a tax-deferred basis. Deferrals into the Plan are not matched or subsidized by the Company, nor are they eligible for above-market or preferential earnings.

The Plan provides for deferred compensation obligations to be settled either by delivery of a fixed number of shares of DMC’s common stock or in cash, in accordance with participant contributions and elections. For deferred equity awards, subsequent to equity award vesting and after a period prescribed by the Plan, participants can elect to diversify contributions of equity awards into other investment options available to Plan participants. Once diversified, such contributions will be settled by delivery of cash. Effective January 1, 2024, diversification of deferred equity awards is no longer permitted by the Plan.

The Company has established a grantor trust commonly known as a “rabbi trust” and contributed certain assets to satisfy the future obligations to participants in the Plan. These assets are subject to potential claims of the Company’s general creditors. The assets held in the trust include unvested restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), vested company stock awards, company-owned life insurance (“COLI”) on certain current and former employees, and money market and mutual funds. Unvested RSAs and common stock held by the trust are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets within “Treasury stock, at cost, and company stock held for deferred compensation, at par” at the par value of the common stock or unvested RSAs. These accounts are not adjusted for subsequent changes in the fair value of the common stock. COLI is accounted for at the cash surrender value while money market and mutual funds held by the trust are accounted for at fair value.

Deferred compensation obligations that will be settled in cash are accounted for on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of the Plan. These obligations are adjusted based on changes in value of the underlying investment options chosen by Plan participants. Deferred compensation obligations that will be settled by delivery of a fixed number of previously vested shares of the Company’s common stock are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest within “Common stock” at the par value of the common stock or unvested RSAs. These accounts are not adjusted for subsequent changes in the fair value of the common stock.

The balances related to the deferred compensation plan were as follows for the periods presented. The amounts included within "Prepaid expenses and other" and "Other current liabilities" pertain to scheduled distributions per the terms of the Plan that will occur within twelve months of December 31, 2024.

10. INCOME TAXES

The domestic and foreign components of income (loss) before income taxes for our operations consist of the following for the years ended December 31:

The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes consist of the following for the years ended December 31:

Our deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following at December 31:

As of December 31, 2024, we had loss carryforwards for tax purposes totaling approximately $39,238, comprised of $33,267 foreign and $5,971 domestic state loss carryforwards, which will be available to offset future taxable income in certain jurisdictions. The significant majority of foreign losses can be carried forward indefinitely, while all other losses generally have carryforward periods of 5 to 20 years, depending on jurisdiction. We have analyzed the net operating losses and established valuation allowances on those where we have determined the realization is not more likely than not to occur.

We assess the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to use existing deferred tax assets. Additionally, a three-year cumulative loss at a Consolidated Financial Statement level may be viewed as negative evidence impacting a jurisdiction that by itself is not in a three-year cumulative loss position. As of

December 31, 2024, we were in a three-year cumulative loss position at the consolidated financial statement level, driven by losses in the U.S. primarily related to the impairment of Arcadia Products’ goodwill in the third quarter of 2024. Accordingly, during the year ended December 31, 2024, we evaluated the impact on all jurisdictions and have recorded a valuation allowance against the corresponding net deferred tax assets in the U.S. The Company will continue to monitor the realizability of deferred tax assets and the need for valuation allowances and will record adjustments in the periods in which facts support such changes. Changes in our valuation allowance in 2023 and 2022 are primarily attributable to changes in currency revaluation and movements in the underlying deferred tax assets.

A reconciliation of our income tax provision computed by applying the Federal statutory income tax rate of 21% to income (loss) before income taxes is as follows for the years ended December 31:

DMC files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, as well as various U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions. In 2024, tax audits in Germany of both our NobelClad and DynaEnergetics subsidiaries commenced for the years 2019 through 2021. Our tax provisions reflect our best estimate of state, local, federal, and foreign taxes. While the audits are not unexpected, the outcome cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues addressed in the Company’s tax audits are resolved in a manner not consistent with our expectations, the Company could be required to adjust its provisions for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs.

DMC’s U.S. federal tax returns are open for examination for the tax years 2018 and 2021 onward. Most of DMC’s state tax returns remain open to examination for the tax years 2020 onward. DMC’s foreign tax returns generally remain open to examination for the tax years 2020 onward, depending on jurisdiction.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balance of unrecognized tax benefits was $5,240 and $5,017, respectively. Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2024 are $4,483 of tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in operating expense. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our accrual for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions were $81 and $0, respectively.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), enacted in December 2017, provides that foreign earnings generally can be repatriated to the U.S. without federal tax consequence; however, if any such earnings were ultimately distributed to the U.S. in the form of dividends or otherwise, or if the shares of our international subsidiaries were sold or transferred, we could be subject to additional U.S. federal and state income taxes, as well as foreign withholding taxes. We continually reassess the assertion that cumulative earnings by our foreign subsidiaries are indefinitely reinvested. The simultaneous downturns intwo of our businesses in 2024 has led to the determination that we may need to access previously reinvested earnings of our international subsidiaries. As such, in the fourth quarter of 2024, we recorded a deferred tax liability of $168, representing potential taxes that could result from the distribution of foreign earnings to the U.S. parent.

11. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Our business is currently organized into three segments: Arcadia Products, DynaEnergetics, and NobelClad. In December 2021, DMC acquired a 60% controlling interest in Arcadia Products. Arcadia Products designs, engineers, fabricates, and finishes aluminum framing systems, windows, curtain walls, storefronts, entrance systems, and interior partitions to the commercial construction market. Additionally, Arcadia Products supplies customized windows and doors to the high-end residential construction market. DynaEnergetics designs, manufactures, markets and sells perforating systems and associated hardware for the global oil and gas industry. NobelClad produces explosion-welded clad metal plates for use in the construction of corrosion resistant industrial processing equipment and specialized transition joints for commuter rail cars, ships, and LNG processing equipment.

Our reportable segments are separately managed, strategic business units that offer different products. Each segment’s products are marketed to different customer types and require different manufacturing processes and technologies, and each segment has separate financial information available. The Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") uses segment operating income or loss to allocate resources (including employees, property, and financial or capital resources) for each segment in the budget and forecasting process and to assess ongoing performance on a monthly basis. The CODM does not review total assets by segment for purposes of assessing segment performance and allocating resources. As such, the disclosure of total assets by segment has not been included below. The accounting policies of our reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 2 "Significant Accounting Policies". The Company's CODM is our Board of Directors.

Segment information is as follows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024:

Segment information is as follows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023:

Segment information is as follows as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022:

*Stock-based compensation is not allocated to wholly owned segments, DynaEnergetics and NobelClad. Stock-based compensation is allocated to the Arcadia Products segment as 60% of such expense is attributable to the Company, whereas the remaining 40% is attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interest holder.

The geographic location of our property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, is as follows at December 31:

The disaggregation of revenue earned from contracts with customers is based on the geographic location of the customer. For Arcadia Products, net sales have been presented consistent with United States regional definitions as provided by the American Institute of Architects. For DynaEnergetics and NobelClad, all net sales are from products shipped from our manufacturing facilities and distribution centers located in the United States, Germany, and Canada. The following represents our net sales based on the geographic location of the customer for years ended December 31:

(1)Rest of the world does not include any individual country comprising sales greater than 2% of total DynaEnergetics revenue.

(1) Rest of the world does not include any individual country comprising sales greater than 2% of total NobelClad revenue.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, one DynaEnergetics customer accounted for approximately 23% and 15%, respectively, of consolidated net sales. During the year ended December 31, 2022, no single customer accounted for greater than 10% of total net sales. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, one DynaEnergetics customer accounted for approximately 30% and 32% of consolidated accounts receivable, respectively.

12. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

We are exposed to foreign currency exchange risk resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates, primarily the U.S. dollar to the euro, the U.S. dollar to the Canadian dollar and, to a lesser extent, other currencies, arising from intercompany and third-party transactions entered into by our subsidiaries that are denominated in currencies other than their functional currency. Changes in exchange rates with respect to these transactions result in unrealized gains or losses if such transactions are unsettled at the end of the reporting period or realized gains or losses at settlement of the transaction. We use foreign currency forward contracts to offset foreign exchange rate fluctuations on foreign currency denominated asset and liability positions. None of these contracts are designated as accounting hedges, and all changes in the fair value of forward contracts are recognized in "Other expense, net" within our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We execute derivatives with a specialized foreign exchange brokerage firm as well as other large financial institutions. The primary credit risk inherent in derivative agreements is the possibility that a loss may occur from the nonperformance of a counterparty to the agreements. We perform a review of the credit risk of our counterparties at the inception of the contract and on an ongoing basis. We anticipate that our counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the agreements but will take action if doubt arises regarding the counterparties’ ability to perform.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the notional amounts of forward currency contracts the Company held were $8,331 and $32,310, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the fair value of outstanding forward contracts was $0.

The following table reflects the location and amount of net (losses) gains from hedging activities for the years presented. These hedging net (losses) gains offset foreign currency gains and losses recorded in the normal course of business, which are not shown below.

13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Contingent Liabilities

The Company records an accrual for contingent liabilities when a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable. If some amount within a range of loss appears to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, that amount is accrued. When no amount within a range of loss appears to be a better estimate than any other amount, the lowest amount in the range is accrued.

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of its business, the Company is involved in lawsuits and claims, both actual and potential. In addition to the matters discussed below, various other lawsuits, claims, and proceedings have been or may be instituted or asserted against the Company, including those pertaining to environmental, safety and health, commercial, tax, product liability, intellectual property infringement and employment matters, and other actions and claims arising out of the normal course of business. Although it is difficult to accurately predict the outcome of any such proceedings, based on facts currently available, management believes that the disposition of these other matters that are pending or asserted will not have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on the financial position of the Company.

Stockholder Litigation

On December 6, 2024, Samuel Garson, individually and on behalf of a putative class, filed a securities class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado against the Company and other defendants (collectively, the “Defendants”). The complaint asserts violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b5-1 promulgated thereunder on behalf of a putative class of all persons who purchased the Company’s securities between May 3, 2024 and November 4, 2024. In particular, the complaint alleges that the Defendants made false and misleading statements during the class period concerning the Company’s business resulting in injury to the purported class members. On January 27, 2025, a second securities class action lawsuit was filed in the same District Court by Alessandro Laurent, individually and of behalf of a putative class, asserting substantially the same allegations, but on behalf of all purchasers of the Company’s securities between January 29, 2024 and November 4, 2024. Both complaints seek certification of a class of purchasers of the Company’s securities during the respective class periods and an award of damages, interest, costs and expenses (including attorney’s fees) to the respective plaintiffs and class members. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself against these complaints. Due to the nature of these matters and inherent uncertainties, it is not possible to provide an evaluation of the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or an estimate of the amount or range of potential loss, if any, in this circumstance.

Environment Matter

On February 21, 2024, Los Angeles Waterkeeper (Waterkeeper) sent Arcadia Products a 60-day Notice of Intent (NOI) to file a citizen suit related to alleged stormwater-related violations of the Clean Water Act atthree Arcadia Products facilities located in Vernon, California. The alleged violations include exceedances of discharge-related requirements and limitations, certain alleged stormwater pollution prevention plan inadequacies, and certain monitoring and reporting violations. The Company has engaged an engineering and consulting firm to assist the Company in investigating the allegations and in responding to the NOI. On April 26, 2024, Waterkeeper filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California under the citizen suit provisions of the Clean Water Act. On October 16, 2024, the Company entered into a settlement with Waterkeeper in the form of a Consent Decree to settle the alleged violations. The Consent Decree requires the Company to undertake certain improvements to its stormwater management infrastructure and practices at allthree facilities over the next several years. It also required the Company to reimburse Waterkeeper for $70 in claimed costs and spend $100 on a Supplemental Environmental Project. The Consent Decree was approved by the U.S. Department of Justice and Court.

The Company also has been in contact with the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (LARWQCB) to address certain alleged violations of stormwater regulatory requirements that may be subject to mandatory minimum penalties under applicable California law. The Company cannot predict how this matter will be resolved, but has accrued $762 in aggregate to address these potential claims.

14. STRATEGIC REVIEW EXPENSES

In January 2024, the Company announced that the Board had initiated a review of strategic alternatives for the DynaEnergetics and NobelClad segments. In conjunction with the Board’s consideration of various strategic, business, and financial alternatives, during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred expenses of $7,765, which primarily included $4,076 in professional service fees and $2,988 in employee retention compensation, including $372 of stock-based compensation.

In October 2024, the Company announced that the Board was no longer actively marketing the DynaEnergetics and NobelClad segments.