FLOWSERVE CORP

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Flowserve Corporation

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Flowserve Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income, of shareholders' equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management has excluded MOGAS Industries, Inc., MOGAS Real Estate LLC and MOGAS Systems & Consulting LLC (such entities collectively, "MOGAS”) from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during 2024. We have also excluded MOGAS from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. MOGAS is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and total revenues excluded from management’s assessment and our audit of internal control over financial reporting represent approximately 3% and less than 1%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Goodwill Impairment Test FPD Reporting Unit

As described in Note 1 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance was $1,286.3 million as of December 31, 2024, and the goodwill associated with the FPD reporting unit was approximately $766 million. The value of goodwill is tested for impairment as of December 31 each year or whenever events or circumstances indicate goodwill may be impaired. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of that reporting unit is impaired and an impairment loss is recorded equal to the excess of the carrying value over its fair value. Fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, which requires management to make various judgmental assumptions about future sales, operating margins, growth rates and discount rate.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill impairment test of the FPD reporting unit is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when estimating the fair value of the reporting unit; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumption related to the discount rate; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill impairment test, including controls over the valuation of the FPD reporting unit. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management’s process for estimating the fair value of the FPD reporting unit, (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow analysis, (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the analysis, and (iv) evaluating the significant assumption used by management related to the discount rate. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s discounted cash flow analysis and assumption related to the discount rate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Dallas, Texas

February 26, 2025

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2000.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OFDECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 AND FOR THE

THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024

1. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS

We are principally engaged in the worldwide design, manufacture, distribution and service of industrial flow management equipment. We provide long lead time, custom and other highly engineered pumps; standardized, general-purpose pumps; mechanical seals; engineered and industrial valves; related automation products; and services and solutions primarily for oil and gas, chemical, power generation, water management and other general industries requiring flow management products and services. Equipment manufactured and serviced by us is predominantly used in industries that deal with difficult-to-handle and corrosive fluids, as well as environments with extreme temperatures, pressure, horsepower and speed. Our business is affected by economic conditions in the United States ("U.S.") and other countries where our products are sold and serviced, by the cyclical nature and competitive environment of our industries served, by the relationship of the U.S. dollar to other currencies and by the demand for and pricing of our customers’ end products.

Russia and Ukraine Conflict -In response to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, several countries, including the United States, have imposed economic sanctions and export controls on certain industry sectors and parties in Russia. As a result of this conflict, including the aforementioned sanctions and overall instability in the region, in March 2022 we permanently ceased all Company operations in Russia.

In the first quarter of 2022, we recorded a $20.2 million pre-tax charge ($21.0 million after-tax) to reserve the asset positions of our Russian subsidiary (excluding cash) as of March 31, 2022, to record contra-revenue for previously recognized revenue and estimated cancellation fees on open contracts that were previously accounted for under the percentage of completion ("POC") method and subsequently canceled, to establish a reserve for the estimated cost to exit the operations of our Russian subsidiary and to record a reserve for our estimated financial exposure on contracts that have been or are anticipated to be canceled.

In addition, we reevaluated our financial exposure as of December 31, 2022 and recorded an incremental $13.6 million pre-tax charge ($9.8 million after-tax) in the fourth quarter of 2022 for additional contract cancellation fees, to reserve our residual financial exposure due to increased Russia sanctions imposed during the latter part of 2022 and our decision to cancel backlog as a result of the additional sanctions.

We continue to monitor the situation involving Russia and Ukraine and its impact on the rest of our global business. This includes the macroeconomic impact, including with respect to global supply chain issues and inflationary pressures. We reevaluated our financial exposure and made a $2 million adjustment during the period ended March 31, 2024 to reduce the existing reserves. We made no further adjustments through December 31, 2024. To date, impacts have not been material to our business and we do not currently expect that any incremental impact in future quarters, including any financial impacts caused by our cancellation of customer contracts and ceasing of operations in Russia, will be material to the Company.

The following table presents the above impacts of the Russia pre-tax charge for the year ended December 31, 2022:

Terminated Acquisition — On February 9, 2023, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire all of the outstanding equity of Velan Inc., a manufacturer of highly engineered industrial valves. In October 2023, we received notice that the required French foreign investment screening approval was not obtained. As a result, the transaction was terminated. According to the terms of the agreement, no termination fee was paid by either party. Acquisition related expenses incurred during 2023 associated with the transaction were $7.3 million.

NAF AB Divestiture— Effective May 4, 2024, we divested NAF AB, a previously wholly owned subsidiary and control valves business within our Flow Control Division ("FCD") segment, including the NAF AB facility located in Linkoping, Sweden. The sale included cash paid to the buyer of $2.6 million and resulted in both a pre-tax and after-tax loss of $13.0 million recorded in loss on sale of business in the consolidated statements of income in the period ended June 30, 2024. In 2024, through the date of disposition, we recorded revenues of approximately $3.0 million and an immaterial amount of operating income.

Principles of Consolidation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our company and our wholly and majority owned subsidiaries. In addition, we consolidate any variable interest entities for which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. Noncontrolling interests of non-affiliated parties have been recognized for all majority-owned consolidated subsidiaries. Intercompany profits/losses, transactions and balances among consolidated entities have been eliminated from our consolidated financial statements.

In the ordinary course of our operations worldwide, we have entered into joint ventures and interests (collectively referred to as “affiliates”) to provide greater flexibility in delivering our products and services, gain access to markets and geographical locations and reduce exposure and diversify risk. Investments in affiliate companies with a noncontrolling ownership interests between 20% and 50%, are unconsolidated and are accounted for using the equity method, which approximates our equity interest in their underlying equivalent net book value under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("U.S. GAAP"). All equity method investments are reviewed for impairment whenever events and conditions indicate that a decrease in the value of an investment has occurred that is other than temporary. If impaired, an impairment loss representing the difference between our carrying value and fair value is recorded and the investment is written down to a new carrying value. Investment in affiliate companies where we own less than 20% are accounted for by the cost method, whereby income is only recognized in the event of dividend receipt. Investments accounted for by the cost method are tested for impairment if an impairment indicator is present.

Use of Estimates — The process of preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We believe our estimates and assumptions are reasonable; however, actual results may differ materially from such estimates. The most significant estimates and assumptions are used in determining:

•Timing and amount of revenue recognition;

•Deferred taxes, tax valuation allowances and tax reserves;

•Reserves for contingent loss;

•Pension and postretirement benefits;

•Valuation of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and other long-lived assets; and

•Assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination.

Revenue Recognition — The majority of our revenues relate to customer orders that typically contain a single commitment of goods or services which have lead times under a year. More complex contracts with our customers typically have longer lead times and multiple commitments of goods and services, including any combination of designing, developing, manufacturing, modifying, installing and commissioning of flow management equipment and providing services and parts related to the performance of such products. We recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control to a customer. Transfer of control is evaluated based on the customer’s ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the benefits of a performance obligation. Revenue is recognized either over time or at a point in time, depending on the specific facts and circumstances for each contract, including the terms and conditions of the contract as agreed with the customer and the nature of the products or services to be provided. Service-related revenues do not typically represent a significant portion of the contracts with our customers and do not meet the thresholds requiring separate disclosure.

Our primary method for recognizing revenue over time is the POC method, whereby progress towards completion is measured by applying an input measure based on costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion. If control of the products and/or services does not transfer over time, then control transfers at a point in time. We determine the point in time that control transfers to a customer based on the evaluation of specific indicators, such as title transfer, risk of loss transfer, customer acceptance and physical possession. For a detailed discussion related to revenue recognition refer to Note 3, "Revenue Recognition."

Cash and Cash Equivalents — We place temporary cash investments with financial institutions and, by policy, invest in those institutions and instruments that have minimal credit risk and market risk. These investments, with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased, are classified as cash equivalents. They are highly liquid and principal values are not subject to significant risk of change due to interest rate fluctuations.

Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Expected Credit Losses and Credit Risk— Trade accounts receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. We establish an allowance for expected credit losses on an aging schedule and according to historical losses as determined from our billings and collections history. Additionally, we consider factors that are specific to our customers’ credit risk such as financial difficulties, liquidity issues, insolvency, and country and political risk. We also consider both the current and forecasted direction of macroeconomic conditions at the reporting date in estimating expected credit losses. Receivables are written off against the allowance in the period when the receivable is deemed to be uncollectible and further collection efforts have ceased. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are reflected as a reduction to credit impairment losses in the income statement.

Credit risks are mitigated by the diversity of our customer base across many different geographic regions and industries and by performing creditworthiness analyses on our customers. Additionally, we mitigate credit risk through letters of credit and advance payments received from our customers. We do not believe that we have any other significant concentrations of credit risk.

Inventories and Related Reserves — Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out method. Reserves for excess and obsolete inventories are based upon our assessment of market conditions for our products determined by historical usage and estimated future demand. Due to the long life cycles of our products, we carry spare parts inventories that have historically low usage rates and provide reserves for such inventory based on demonstrated usage and aging criteria.

Income Taxes, Deferred Taxes, Tax Valuation Allowances and Tax Reserves — We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. We record valuation allowances to reduce the carrying value of deferred tax assets to amounts that we expect are more likely than not to be realized. We assess existing deferred tax assets, net operating losses and tax credits by jurisdiction and expectations of our ability to utilize these tax attributes through a review of past, current and estimated future taxable income and establishment of tax planning strategies.

We provide deferred taxes for the temporary differences associated with our investment in foreign subsidiaries that have a financial reporting basis that exceeds tax basis, unless we can assert permanent reinvestment in foreign jurisdictions. Financial reporting basis and tax basis differences in investments in foreign subsidiaries consist of both unremitted earnings and losses, as well as foreign currency translation adjustments.

The amount of income taxes we pay is subject to ongoing audits by federal, state, and foreign tax authorities, which often result in proposed assessments. We establish reserves for open tax years for uncertain tax positions that may be subject to challenge by various tax authorities. The consolidated tax provision and related accruals include the impact of such reasonably estimable losses and related interest and penalties as deemed appropriate.

We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities. The determination is based on the technical merits of the position and presumes that each uncertain tax position will be examined by the relevant taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

Legal and Environmental Contingencies — Legal and environmental reserves are recorded based upon a case-by-case analysis of the relevant facts and circumstances and an assessment of potential legal obligations and costs. Amounts relating to legal and environmental liabilities are recorded when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and such loss is reasonably estimable. Assessments of legal and environmental costs are based on information obtained from our independent and in-house experts and our loss experience in similar situations. Estimates are updated as applicable when new information regarding the facts and circumstances of each matter becomes available. Legal fees associated with legal and environmental liabilities are expensed as incurred.

We are a defendant in a number of lawsuits that seek to recover damages for personal injury allegedly resulting from exposure to asbestos-containing products formerly manufactured and/or distributed by heritage companies of the Company. We have estimated that the liability for pending and future claims not yet asserted, and which are probable and estimable, could be experienced through 2054, which represents the expected end of our asbestos liability exposure with no further ongoing claims expected beyond that date. This estimate is based on the Company's historical claim experience and estimates of the number and resolution cost of potential future claims that may be filed based on anticipated levels of unique plaintiff asbestos-related claims in the U.S. tort system against all defendants, the diminished volatility and consistency of observable claims data, the period of time that has elapsed since we stopped manufacturing products that contained encapsulated asbestos and an expected downward trend in claims due to the average age of our claimants. This estimate is not discounted. In light of the uncertainties and variables inherent in the long-term projection of the total asbestos liability, as part of our ongoing review of asbestos claims, each year we will reassess the projected liability of unasserted asbestos claims to be filed through 2054, and we will continually reassess the time horizon over which a reasonable estimate of unasserted claims can be projected.

We assess the sufficiency of the estimated liability for pending and future claims on an ongoing basis by evaluating actual experience regarding claims filed, settled and dismissed, and amounts paid in settlements. In addition to claims and settlement experience, we consider additional quantitative and qualitative factors such as changes in legislation, the legal environment and the Company's defense strategy. In connection with our ongoing review of asbestos-related claims, we have also reviewed the amount of potential insurance coverage for such claims, taking into account the remaining limits of such coverage, the number and amount of claims on our insurance from co-insured parties, ongoing litigation against the Company’s insurers, potential remaining recoveries from insolvent insurers, the impact of previous insurance settlements and coverage available from solvent insurers not party to the coverage litigation. We review ongoing insurance coverage available for a significant amount of the potential future asbestos-related claims and in the future could secure additional insurance coverage as deemed necessary.

The study from the Company's actuary, based on data as of June 30, 2024, provided for a range of possible future liability from approximately $93.2 million to $143.7 million. The Company does not believe any amount within the range of potential outcomes represents a better estimate than another given the many factors and assumptions inherent in the projections and therefore the Company has recorded the liability at the actuarial central estimate of approximately $110.3 million as of December 31, 2024. In addition, the Company has recorded estimated insurance receivables of approximately $35.8 million as of December 31, 2024. The amounts recorded for the asbestos-related liability and the related insurance receivablesare based on facts known at the time and a number of assumptions. However, projecting future events, such as the number of new claims to be filed each year, the length of time it takes to defend, resolve, or otherwise dispose of such claims, coverage issues among insurers and the continuing solvency of various insurance companies, as well as the numerous uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation in the United States, could cause the actual liability and insurance recoveries for us to be higher or lower than those projected or recorded. Additionally, we have claims pending against certain insurers that, if resolved more favorably than reflected in the recorded receivables, would result in discrete gains in the applicable year. Changes recorded in the estimated liability and estimated insurance recovery based on projections of asbestos litigation and corresponding insurance coverage, result in the recognition of additional expense or income. For a discussion pertaining to the activity related to asbestos claims refer to Note 16, "Legal Matters and Contingencies."

Warranty Accruals— Warranty obligations are based upon product failure rates, materials usage, service delivery costs, an analysis of all identified or expected claims and an estimate of the cost to resolve such claims. The estimates of expected claims are generally a factor of historical claims and known product issues. Warranty obligations based on these factors are adjusted based on historical sales trends for the prec eding 24 months.

Insurance Accruals — Insurance accruals are recorded for wholly or partially self-insured risks such as medical benefits and workers’ compensation and are based upon an analysis of our claim loss history, insurance deductibles, policy limits and other relevant factors that are updated annually and are included in accrued liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. The estimates are based upon information received from actuaries, insurance company adjusters, independent claims administrators or other independent sources. Receivables from insurance carriers are estimated using our historical experience with insurance recovery rates and estimates of future recoveries, which include estimates of coverage and financial viability of our insurance carriers. Estimated receivables are included in accounts receivable, net and other assets, net, as applicable, in our consolidated balance sheets.

Pension and Postretirement Obligations — Determination of pension and postretirement benefits obligations is based on estimates made by management in consultation with independent actuaries and investment advisors. Inherent in these valuations are assumptions including discount rates, expected rates of return on plan assets, retirement rates, mortality rates and rates of compensation increase and other factors all of which are reviewed annually and updated if necessary. Current market conditions, including changes in rates of return, interest rates and medical inflation rates, are considered in selecting these assumptions.

Actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss as they arise and we amortize these costs into net pension expense over the remaining expected service period.

Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation — Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation. If asset retirement obligations exist, they are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the asset and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. The useful lives of leasehold improvements are the lesser of the remaining lease term or the useful life of the improvement. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, their costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gains or losses are included in income from operations for the period. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets, or in the case of assets under finance leases, over the related lease term. Generally, the estimated useful lives of the assets are:

Costs related to routine repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

Leases— We have operating and finance leases for certain manufacturing facilities, offices, service and quick response centers, machinery, equipment and automobiles. Our leases have remaining lease terms of up to 28 years. The terms and conditions of our leases may include options to extend or terminate the lease which are considered and included in the lease term when these options are reasonably certain of exercise.

We determine if a contract is, or contains, a lease at inception by evaluating whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. For all classes of leased assets, we account for any non-lease components in the contract together with the related lease component in the same unit of account. For lease contracts containing more than one lease component, we allocate the contract consideration to each of the lease components on the basis of relative standalone prices in order to identify the lease payments for each lease component.

Right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities are recognized in our consolidated balance sheets at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. Additionally, ROU assets include any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, as well as any initial direct costs incurred, and are reduced by any lease incentives received. In determining the discount rate used to measure the right-of-use asset and lease liability, we utilize the Company’s incremental borrowing rate and consider the term of the lease, as well as the geographic location of the leased asset. Our incremental borrowing country-specific rate is determined based on information available at the commencement date of the lease.

Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, net and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, debt due within one year and long-term debt due after one year in our consolidated balance sheets.

For all classes of leased assets, we have applied an accounting policy election to exclude short-term leases from recognition in our consolidated balance sheets. A short-term lease has a lease term of 12 months or less at the commencement date and does not include a purchase option that is reasonably certain of exercise. We recognize short-term lease expense in our consolidated income statements on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Our short-term lease expense and short-term lease commitments as of December 31, 2024 are immaterial.

We have certain lease contracts with terms and conditions that provide for variability in the payment amount based on changes in facts or circumstances occurring after the commencement date. These variable lease payments are recognized in our consolidated income statements as the obligation is incurred.

We have certain lease contracts where we provide a guarantee to the lessor that the value of an underlying asset will be at least a specified amount at the end of the lease. Estimated amounts expected to be paid for residual value guarantees are included in lease liabilities and ROU assets.

Supplier Finance Programs — We partner with two banks to offer our suppliers the option of participating in a supplier financing program and receive payment early. Under the program agreement, we must reimburse each bank for approved and valid invoices in accordance with the originally agreed upon terms with the supplier. We have no obligation for fees; subscription, service, commissions or otherwise with either bank. We also have no obligation for pledged assets or other forms of guarantee and may terminate either program agreement with appropriate notice. As of December 31, 2024, $8.6 million remained outstanding with the supply chain financing partner banks and recorded within accounts payable on our consolidated balance sheet.

The rollforward of our outstanding obligations confirmed as valid under the supplier finance programs for the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows:

Internally Developed Software — We capitalize certain costs associated with the development of internal-use software. Generally, these costs are related to significant software development projects and are amortized over their estimated useful life, typi cally three toseven years, upon implementation of the software. We also capitalize certain costs incurred during the application development stage of implementation of cloud computing arrangements. Amounts capitalized for cloud arrangements are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period ofthree toseven years and are reported as a component of other long-term assets.

Intangible Assets — Intangible assets, excluding trademarks (which are considered to have an indefinite life), consist primarily of engineering drawings, patents, existing customer relationships, software, distribution networks, acquired backlog, and other items that are being amortized over their estimated useful lives generally ranging fromone to 40 years. These assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred.

Valuation of Goodwill, Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets — The value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets is tested for impairment as of December 31 each year or whenever events or circumstances indicate such assets may be impaired. The identification of our goodwill reporting units begins at the operating segment level and considered whether components one level below the operating segment levels should be identified as reporting units for the purpose of testing goodwill for impairment based on certain conditions. These conditions included, among other factors, (i) the extent to which a component represents a business and (ii) the aggregation of economically similar components within the operating segments based on the similarity of the nature of the products and services, the nature of the production processes, the methods of distribution and the types of industries served. This resulted in two reporting units that are consistent with our operating and reportable segments, FPD and FCD, as no components exist one level below the operating segment levels for which discrete financial information is available for review by segment management.

Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350 allows an optional qualitative assessment, prior to a quantitative assessment test, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount. For goodwill, we generally do not attempt a qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the quantitative assessment, except in instances where we have completed an acquisition shortly before our annual impairment assessment. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of that reporting unit is impaired and an impairment loss is recorded equal to the excess of the carrying value over its fair value. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units based on an income approach, whereby we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. A discounted cash flow analysis requires us to make various judgmental assumptions about future sales, operating margins, growth rates and discount rate, which are based on our budgets, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and market participants.

Based on our year-end annual analysis, we did not record an impairment of goodwill in 2024, 2023 or 2022. The FPD reporting unit is primarily focused on highly custom engineered pumps, pre-configured industrial pumps, pump systems, mechanical seals, auxiliary systems and replacement parts and related services. As of December 31, 2024 our FPD reporting unit had approximately $766 million of goodwill and an estimated fair value that exceeded its carrying value. The FCD reporting unit is primarily focused on a broad portfolio of engineered-to-order and configured-to-order isolation valves, control valves, valve automation products and related equipment. As of December 31, 2024 our FCD reporting unit had approximately $521 million of goodwill and an estimated fair value that exceeded its carrying value. The key factors considered in determining the estimated fair value of our reporting units included the annual operating plan and forecasted operating results, successful execution of our current continuous improvement and identified strategic initiatives, cost of capital, continued stabilization and mid to long-term improvement of the macro-economic conditions of the industries we serve, and a relatively stable global gross domestic product. Although we have concluded that there is no impairment on the goodwill associated with our reporting units as of December 31, 2024, we will continue to closely monitor performance and related market conditions for future indicators of potential impairment and reassess accordingly.

We also considered our market capitalization in our evaluation of the fair value of our goodwill. Our market capitalization as of December 31, 2024 was favorable compared with 2023 and did not indicate a potential impairment of our goodwill as of December 31, 2024.

Impairment losses for indefinite-lived intangible assets are recognized whenever the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value. Fair values are calculated for trademarks using a "relief from royalty" method, which estimates the fair value of a trademark by determining the present value of estimated royalty payments that are avoided as a result of owning the trademark. This method includes judgmental assumptions about sales growth and discount rates that have a significant impact on the fair value and are substantially consistent with the assumptions used to determine the fair value of our reporting unit discussed above. We did not record a material impairment of our trademarks in 2024, 2023 or 2022.

The recoverable value of other long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets, is reviewed when indicators of potential impairments are present. The recoverable value is based upon an assessment of the estimated future cash flows related to those assets, utilizing assumptions similar to those for goodwill. Additional considerations related to our long-lived assets include expected maintenance and improvements, changes in expected uses and ongoing operating performance and utilization.

Deferred Loan Costs — Deferred loan costs, consisting of fees and other expenses associated with debt financing, are amortized over the term of the associated debt using the effective interest method. Additional amortization is recorded in periods where optional prepayments on debt are made.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments — Our financial instruments are presented at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets, with the exception of our long-term debt. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Where available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, valuation models may be applied.

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair values. Hierarchical levels, as defined by ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures," are directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuation of these assets and liabilities. An asset or a liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. Hierarchical levels are as follows:

Level I — Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level II — Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level I) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.

Level III — Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.

Recurring fair value measurements are limited to investments in derivative instruments. The fair value measurements of our derivative instruments are determined using models that maximize the use of the observable market inputs including interest rate curves and both forward and spot prices for currencies, and are classified as Level II under the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of our derivative instruments are included in Note 9, "Derivatives and Hedging Activities."

Derivatives and Hedging Activities — We have a foreign currency derivatives and hedging policy outlining the conditions under which we can enter into financial derivative transactions. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. All derivative instruments are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair values.

We employ a foreign currency economic hedging strategy to mitigate certain financial risks resulting from foreign currency exchange rate movements that impact foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, firm committed transactions and forecasted sales and purchases. The changes in the fair values are recognized immediately in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of income. See Note 9, "Derivatives and Hedging Activities," for further discussion of forward exchange contracts.

We are exposed to risk from credit-related losses resulting from nonperformance by counterparties to our financial instruments. We perform credit evaluations of our counterparties and expect all counterparties to meet their obligations. If necessary, we would adjust the values of our derivative contracts for our or our counterparties’ credit risks.

Foreign Currency Translation — Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars at exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date, while income and expenses are translated at average rates for each month. Translation gains and losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Transactional currency gains and losses arising from transactions in currencies other than our sites’ functional currencies are included in our consolidated results of operations.

Transaction and translation gains and losses arising from intercompany balances are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss when the underlying transaction stems from a long-term equity investment or from debt designated as not due in the foreseeable future. Otherwise, we recognize transaction gains and losses arising from intercompany transactions in our consolidated statements of income.

Stock-Based Compensation — Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant-date fair value. The exercise price of stock option awards and the value of restricted shares, restricted share units and performance-based unit awards (collectively referred to as "Restricted Shares") are set at the closing price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the date of grant, which is the date such grants are authorized by our Board of Directors. Restricted share units and performance-based units refer to restricted awards that do not have voting rights and accrue dividends, and are forfeited if vesting does not occur.

The intrinsic value of Restricted Shares, which is typically the product of share price at the date of grant and the number of Restricted Shares granted, is amortized on a straight-line basis to compensation expense over the periods in which the restrictions lapse based on the expected number of shares that will vest. We account for forfeitures as they occur resulting in the reversal of cumulative expense previously recognized.

Earnings Per Share — We use the two-class method of calculating Earnings Per Share ("EPS"), which determines earnings per share for each class of common stock and participating security as if all earnings for the period had been distributed. Unvested restricted share awards that earn non-forfeitable dividend rights qualify as participating securities and, accordingly, are included in the basic computation as such. Our unvested Restricted Shares participate on an equal basis with common shares; therefore, there is no difference in undistributed earnings allocated to each participating security.

Research and Development Expense — Research and development costs are charged to expense when incurred. Aggregate research and development costs included in SG&A were$69.9 million, $48.7 million and $39.9 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Costs incurred for research and development primarily include salaries and benefits and consumable supplies, as well as rent, professional fees, utilities and the depreciation of property and equipment used in research and development activities.

Shipping and Handling Costs — Amounts billed to customers for reimbursement of shipping and handling costs are recorded as revenue when the related revenue is recognized and shipping and handling costs are recognized in COS. All other shipping and handling costs are recognized in COS in the period in which they are incurred.

Business Combination — The total purchase consideration for an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets transferred, equity instruments issued, and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. Costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expense in our consolidated statements of income. Identifiable assets (including intangible assets) and liabilities assumed (including contingent liabilities) are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. We recognize goodwill if the fair value of the total purchase consideration is in excess of the net fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires us to use significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, cost of capital, future cash flows, and discount rates. Our estimates of fair value are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill. We include the results of operations of the acquired business in the consolidated financial statements beginning on the acquisition date.

Our business combinations may include earn-out considerations as part of the purchase price that are liability-classified. The fair value of the earn-out consideration is estimated as of the acquisition date based on our estimates and assumptions. The fair value measurement may include inputs that are Level I, II or III under the fair value hierarchy, depending on their nature. Should actual results increase or decrease as compared to the assumption used in our analysis, the fair value of the earn-out consideration obligations will increase or decrease, as applicable. Changes in the fair value of the earn-out consideration are recorded within operating expenses.

Accounting Developments

Pronouncements Implemented

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-01, "Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements." The amendments permit leasehold improvements to be amortized over the useful life of the asset when the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset, and the lease is between common control entities. The amendments further allow entities to account for leasehold improvements as a transfer of assets between entities under common control through an equity adjustment when the lessee is no longer in control of the underlying asset. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of income or consolidated statements of cash flows.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, "Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method." The amendments allow companies to account for all of their tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. Companies can elect to apply the proportional amortization method on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than unilaterally or on an individual investment basis. The amendments are effective on either a modified retrospective or retrospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, depending on whether the company elects to evaluate its investments for which it still expects to receive income tax credits or other income tax benefits as of the beginning of the period of adoption or at the beginning of the earliest period presented. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of income or consolidated statements of cash flows.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." The amendments enhance the disclosure requirements of significant segment expenses and other segment items. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments are to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. Early adoption is permitted. Our adoption of this ASU effective January 1, 2024, applied retroactively as required, did not have an impact on our consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of income or consolidated statements of cash flows. Refer to Note 20, "Business Segment Information," for further implementation Topic 280.

Pronouncements Not Yet Implemented

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-05, "Business Combinations - Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement." The amendments require that newly formed joint ventures measure the net assets and liabilities contributed at fair value. Subsequent measurement is in accordance with the requirements for acquirers of a business in Sections 805-10-35, 805-20-35, and 805-30-35, and other generally accepted accounting principles. The amendments are effective prospectively for all joint venture formations with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, but companies may elect to apply the amendments retrospectively to joint ventures formed prior to January 1, 2025, if it has sufficient information. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period in which financial statements have not yet been issued (or made available for issuance), either prospectively or retrospectively. We do not expect the impact of this ASU to be material.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60)." The amendments require that assets that qualify as a crypto asset, in accordance with the new guidance, must be recorded and subsequently valued at fair value at each reporting period, recognizing changes within net income of the same period. The amendments also require that companies present crypto assets measured at fair value separately from other intangible assets on the balance sheet with changes related to the remeasurement of crypto assets reported separately from changes in carrying amounts of other intangible assets in the income statement. Specific disclosure is required around the activity of crypto assets during the reporting period. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We do not own crypto assets, and therefore, do not expect the impact of this ASU to be material.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740)." The amendments require that entities on an annual basis disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation, provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, and disclose specific information about income taxes paid. The amendments eliminate previously required disclosures around changes in unrecognized tax benefits and cumulative amounts of certain temporary differences. The amendments are effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We are evaluating the impact of this ASU on our disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)." The amendments require disclosure of amounts, in the notes to financial statements, of purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and depletion for each income statement line item that contains those expenses. Specified expenses, gains and losses that are already disclosed under existing U.S. GAAP are also required to be included in the disaggregated income statement expense line item disclosure. The amendments also require disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses and the entity's definition of selling expenses. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026. ASU No. 2025-01 on the same topic issued in January 2025 further clarifies the effective date for interim periods. The amendments are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We are evaluating the impact of this ASU on our disclosures.

2. ACQUISITION

On October 15, 2024, we acquired for inclusion in FCD, all of the equity interests of MOGAS Industries, Inc., MOGAS Real Estate LLC and MOGAS Systems & Consulting LLC (such entities collectively, "MOGAS"), for a purchase price of $290.0 million, subject to additional closing working capital adjustments of $13.0 million and net of cash acquired of $3.1 million, and an incremental contingent earn-out payment of up to $15.0 million based on MOGAS's achievement of certain financial goals for the calendar year ended December 31, 2024. The additional earn-out consideration will be paid in the first quarter of 2025 and the value was determined based on contractual provisions set forth in the purchase agreement. MOGAS, a privately held provider of mission-critical severe service valves and associated aftermarket services, is based in Houston, Texas and has operations primarily in North America and, to a lesser extent, Europe and Asia Pacific. The acquisition was funded using a combination of cash on hand and term loan financing under our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement discussed in Note 13, "Debt and Finance Lease Obligations." MOGAS's differentiated valve products are expected to enhance our installed base, creating meaningful aftermarket opportunities with the addition of MOGAS's strong brand, heritage, and technical expertise in diverse and attractive end markets, including the growing mining industry. The acquisition is accounted for as a business combination under Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations, using the acquisition method of accounting.

The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed has been recorded on a preliminary basis, including the valuation of intangible assets and opening balance sheet accounts subject to final working capital adjustments. We will continue to evaluate the initial fair values, which may be adjusted as additional information relative to the fair values of the assets and liabilities becomes available. The estimates will be finalized within one year from the date of acquisition. The preliminary allocation of the purchase price is summarized below:

The excess of the acquisition date fair value of the total purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets was recorded as goodwill. Goodwill of $127.2 million represents the value expected to be obtained from expanding Flowserve's market presence and strengthening our portfolio of products and services through the addition of MOGAS's valve products. The goodwill related to this acquisition is recorded in the FCD segment and is expected to be fully deductible for tax purposes. The trademark is an indefinite-lived intangible. Existing customer relationships and backlog have expected weighted average useful lives of 10 years andone year, respectively. In total, amortizable intangible assets have a weighted average useful live of approximately 8 years. We recorded an indemnification asset and corresponding liability of $7.5 million related to unresolved legal matters that existed pre-acquisition, for which the seller has agreed to indemnify us. The indemnification asset and liability are included within prepaid expenses and other and accrued liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheet.

Subsequent to October 15, 2024, the revenues and expenses of MOGAS have been included in our consolidated statement of income. The MOGAS acquisition generated sales of approximately $37 million for the period from October 15, 2024 to December 31, 2024 and decreased Flowserve's earnings by approximately $3 million. No proforma financial information has been presented due to immateriality. Flowserve incurred $10 million in acquisition and integration-related costs in 2024 associated with the transaction which are included within SG&A in our consolidated statement of income.

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

The majority of our revenues relate to customer orders that typically contain a single commitment of goods or services which have lead times under a year. More complex contracts with our customers typically have longer lead times and multiple commitments of goods and services, including any combination of designing, developing, manufacturing, modifying, installing and commissioning of flow management equipment and providing services and parts related to the performance of such products. Control transfers over time when the customer is able to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the benefits of our work as we perform. Service-related revenues do not typically represent a significant portion contracts with our customers and do not meet the thresholds requiring separate disclosure.

Revenue from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 17%,16% and 13% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our primary method for recognizing revenue over time is the POC method. If control does not transfer over time, then control transfers at a point in time. For both POC and point-in-time methods, we recognize revenue atthe level of each performance obligation based on the evaluation of certain indicators of control transfer, such as title transfer, risk of loss transfer, customer acceptance and physical possession. Revenue from products and services transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for approximately 83%,84% and 87% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Disaggregated Revenue

We conduct our operations throughtwo business segments based on the type of product and how we manage the business:

•FPD designs, manufactures, pretests, distributes and services highly custom engineered pumps, pre-configured industrial pumps, pump systems, mechanical seals, auxiliary systems and replacement parts and related services; and

•FCD designs, manufactures and distributes a broad portfolio of engineered-to-order and configured-to-order isolation valves, control valves, valve automation products and related equipment.

Our revenue sources are derived from our original equipment manufacturing and our aftermarket sales and services. Our original equipment revenues are generally related to originally designed, manufactured, distributed and installed equipment that can range from pre-configured, short-cycle products to more customized, highly engineered equipment ("Original Equipment"). Our aftermarket sales and services are derived from sales of replacement equipment, as well as maintenance, advanced diagnostic, repair and retrofitting services ("Aftermarket"). Each of ourtwo business segments generates Original Equipment and Aftermarket revenues.

The following table presents our customer revenues disaggregated by revenue source:

Our customer sales are diversified geographically. The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography, based on the shipping addresses of our customers:

(1) North America represents United States and Canada; Latin America includes Mexico.

On December 31, 2024, the aggregate transaction price allocated to unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations related to contracts having an original expected duration in excess of one year was approximately $853 million. We estimate recognition of approximately $536 million of this amount as revenue in 2025 and an additional $317 million in 2026 and thereafter.

Contract Balances

We receive payment from customers based on a contractual billing schedule and specific performance requirements as established in our contracts. We record billings as accounts receivable when an unconditional right to consideration exists. A contract asset represents revenue recognized in advance of our right to bill the customer under the terms of a contract. A contract liability represents our contractual billings in advance of revenue recognized for a contract.

The following table presents opening and closing balances of contract assets and contract liabilities, current and long-term, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

(1) Included in other assets, net.

(2) Included in retirement obligations and other liabilities.

4. ALLOWANCE FOR EXPECTED CREDIT LOSSES

The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of our financial assets and instruments. We assess and measure expected credit losses on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist, including market, geography, credit risk and remaining duration. Financial assets and instruments that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Our estimate of the allowance balance is assessed and quantified using internal and external valuation information relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts over the contractual terms of an asset.

Our primary exposure to expected credit losses is through our accounts receivable and contract assets. For these financial assets, we record an allowance for expected credit losses that, when deducted from the gross asset balance, presents the net amount expected to be collected. Primarily, our experience of historical credit losses provides the basis for our estimation of the allowance. We estimate the allowance based on an aging schedule and according to historical losses as determined from our history of billings and collections. Additionally, we adjust the allowance for factors that are specific to our customers’ credit risk such as financial difficulties, liquidity issues, insolvency, and country and geopolitical risks. We also consider both the current and forecasted macroeconomic conditions as of the reporting date. As identified and needed, we adjust the allowance and recognize adjustments in the income statement each period. Accounts receivable are written off against the allowance in the period when the receivable is deemed to be uncollectible and further collection efforts have ceased. Subsequent recoveries of previously written off amounts are reflected as a reduction to credit impairment losses in the consolidated statements of income.

Contract assets represent a conditional right to consideration for satisfied performance obligations that become a receivable when the conditions are satisfied. Generally, contract assets are recorded when contractual billing schedules differ from revenue recognition based on timing and are managed through the revenue recognition process. Based on our historical credit loss experience, the current expected credit loss for contract assets is estimated to be approximately 1% of the asset balance.

The following table presents the changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for our accounts receivable and short-term contract assetsas of December 31, 2024,2023 and 2022:

Our allowance on long-term receivables, included in other assets, net, represent receivables with collection periods longer than 12 months and the balance primarily consists of reserved receivables associated with the national oil company in Venezuela. The following table presents the changes in the allowance forlong-term receivables as of December 31, 2024,2023 and 2022:

We also have exposure to credit losses from off-balance sheet exposures, such as financial guarantees and standby letters of credit, where we believe the risk of loss is immaterial to our financial statements as of December 31, 2024.

5. LEASES

We had $0.4 million and $4.0 million of legally binding minimum lease payments for operating leases signed but not yet commenced as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. We did not have material subleases, leases that imposed significant restrictions or covenants, material related party leases or sale-leaseback arrangements.

In conjunction with our close process for the third quarter of 2022, the Company identified an accounting error related to certain operating real estate leases that have escalating rent payments which were not correctly recorded on a straight-line basis in the amount of $6.4 million. Approximately $5.8 million of the error impacted the Company’s consolidated statements of income prior to adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) in 2019 and the remaining immaterial amount impacted each period subsequent to adoption. To correct the cumulative impact of the error the Company recorded an adjustment of $6.4 million of incremental operating lease expense in the third quarter of 2022 ($5.5 million classified as SG&A and $0.9 million classified as COS), with the offsetting adjustment to reduce operating lease right-of-use assets, net on our consolidated balance sheet for the period ended September 30, 2022. There was no impact to our statements of cash flows as a result of the correction of the error.

Other information related to our leases is as follows:

(1) Included inproperty, plant and equipment, net

(2) Included indebt due within one year andlong-term debt due after one year, accordingly

(3) Included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expense, accordingly

(4) Included in interest expense

Supplemental cash flows information related to our leases is as follows:

(1) Included in our consolidated statement of cash flows, operating activities, prepaid expenses and other assets, net and retirement obligations and other

(2) Included in our consolidated statement of cash flows, financing activities, payments under other financing arrangements

Future undiscounted lease payments under operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2024, were as follows:

6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(1)Goodwill addition is related to the acquisition of MOGAS. See Note 2, "Acquisitions" for additional information.

The following table provides information about our intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

(1)Engineering drawings represent the estimated fair value associated with specific acquired product and component schematics.

(2)Includes customer relationships acquired as part of the MOGAS acquisition with useful lives of 5 and 10 years. Existing customer relationships acquired prior to 2011 had a useful life offive years.

(3)Includes the acquisition of the MOGAS trademark in 2024. Accumulated amortization for indefinite-lived intangible assets relates to amounts recorded prior to the implementation date of guidance issued in ASC 350.

The following schedule outlines actual amortization expense recognized during 2024 and an estimate of future amortization based upon the finite-lived intangible assets owned at December 31, 2024:

Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $11.3 million in 2023 and $11.4 million in 2022.

7. INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following:

During 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recognized expenses of $14.1 million, $21.5 million and $15.4 million, respectively, for excess and obsolete inventory. These expenses are included in COS in our consolidated statements of income.

8. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

Effective January 1, 2020, our shareholders approved the Flowserve Corporation 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2020 Plan”). The 2020 Plan replaces and supersedes the Flowserve Corporation Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan ("2010 Plan") in its entirety. The 2020 Plan authorizes the issuance of 12,500,000 shares of our common stock in the form of Restricted Shares, incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights and bonus stock. Of the shares of common stock authorized under the 2020 Plan,7,075,917 were available for issuance as of December 31, 2024. Restricted Shares primarily vest over athree-year period. Restricted Shares granted to employees who retire and have achieved at least 55 years of age and 10 years of service continue to vest over the original vesting period ("55/10 Provision").

Stock Options — Options granted to officers, other employees and directors allow for the purchase of common shares at the market value of our stock on the date the options are granted. Options generally become exercisable after three years. Options generally expireten years from the date of the grant or within a short period of time following the termination of employment or cessation of services by an option holder. As of December 31, 2024,114,943 stock options were outstanding and exercisable, with a grant date fair value of $2.0 million recognized over three years and a weighted average exercise price of $48.63. Compensation cost associated with these stock options has been fully recognized. Using the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of each option award, as of December 31, 2024 the total fair value of stock options vested was $2.0 million. No stock options were exercised during the years ended December 31,

2024, 2023 or 2022. No stock options were granted, canceled or vested during years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022. The weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was 2.3 years,3.3 years and 4.3 years, respectively.

Restricted Shares — Generally, the restrictions on Restricted Shares do not expire for a minimum ofone year and a maximum ofthree years, and shares are subject to forfeiture during the restriction period. Most typically, Restricted Share grants have staggered vesting periods overone tothree years from grant date. The intrinsic value of the Restricted Shares, which is typically the product of share price at the date of grant and the number of Restricted Shares granted, is amortized on a straight-line basis to compensation expense over the periods in which the restrictions lapse.

Awards of Restricted Shares are valued at the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. The unearned compensation is amortized to compensation expense over the vesting period of the restricted shares, except for awards related to the 55/10 Provision which are expensed in the period granted for awards issued prior to 2024. For awards of Restricted Shares granted beginning in 2024 and subject to the 55/10 Provision, compensation expense is recognized over a required six-month service period. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had $19.2 million and $18.5 million, respectively, of unearned compensation cost related to unvested Restricted Shares, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of approximatelyone year, for both periods. This amount will be recognized into net earnings in prospective periods as the awards vest. The total fair value of Restricted Shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $28.7 million, $24.2 million and $23.5 million, respectively.

We recorded stock-based compensation for Restricted Shares as follows:

The following table summarizes information regarding Restricted Shares:

Unvested Restricted Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024, includes approximately 520,000 units with performance-based vesting provisions issuable in common stock and vest upon the achievement of pre-defined performance metrics. Targets for outstanding performance awards are based on our average return on invested capital and free cash flow as a percent of net income over a three-year period. Performance units issued in 2024, 2023 and 2022 include a secondary measure, relative total shareholder return, which can increase or decrease the number of vesting units by 15% depending on the Company's performance versus peers. Performance units issued have a vesting percentage up to 230%. Compensation expense is recognized ratably over a cliff-vesting period of 36 months, based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant, adjusted for actual forfeitures. During the performance period, earned and unearned compensation expense is adjusted based on changes in the expected achievement of the performance targets for all performance-based units granted. Vesting provisions range from 0 to approximately 1,196,000 shares based on performance targets. As of December 31, 2024, we estimate vesting of approximately 520,000 shares based on expected achievement of performance targets.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan — Effective in 2024, we established an employee stock purchase plan ("ESPP") as a means for employees to acquire an equity interest in the Company. The plan is considered compensatory for accounting purposes. Employees may participate in our ESPP provided they meet certain eligibility requirements and may enroll in the ESPP on a monthly basis. The first enrollment period occurred during the fourth quarter of 2024. The current year impact of the ESPP is immaterial, and the impact to future years is also expected to be immaterial.

9. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

Our risk management and foreign currency derivatives and hedging policy specifies the conditions under which we may enter into derivative contracts. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies and Accounting Developments," for additional information on our purpose for entering into derivatives and our overall risk management strategies. We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge our cash flow risks associated with transactions denominated in currencies other than the local currency of the operation engaging in the transaction.

Foreign exchange forward contracts with third parties had notional values of $695.9 million and $656.6 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the length of foreign exchange forward contracts currently in place ranged from 7 days to 19 months.

We are exposed to risk from credit-related losses resulting from nonperformance by counterparties to our financial instruments. We perform credit evaluations of our counterparties under foreign exchange forward contracts and expect all counterparties to meet their obligations. We have not experienced credit losses from our counterparties.

The fair values of foreign exchange contracts are summarized below:

Current and noncurrent derivative assets are reported in our consolidated balance sheets in prepaid expenses and other and other assets, net, respectively. Current and noncurrent derivative liabilities are reported in our consolidated balance sheets in accrued liabilities and retirement obligations and other liabilities, respectively.

The impact of net changes in the fair values of foreign exchange contracts are summarized below:

Gains and losses recognized in our consolidated statements of income for foreign exchange forward contracts are classified as other income (expense), net.

As a means of managing the volatility of foreign currency exposure with the Euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate, we entered into cross-currency swap agreements ("Swaps") as a hedge of our Euro investment in certain of our international subsidiaries. Accordingly, on April 14, 2021 and March 9, 2021, we entered into Swaps, with both having termination dates of October 1, 2030 and the March 9, 2021 cross currency swap having an early termination date of March 11, 2025. Also, during the third quarter of 2020 we entered into a cross currency swap agreement with a termination date of October 1, 2030 and an early termination date of September 22, 2025. The swap agreements were designated as net investment hedges and classified as Level II under the fair value hierarchy. On December 20, 2022 all outstanding swap agreements were early terminated resulting in net cash proceeds received of $66.0 million. Prior to the early termination the cross-currency swaps had a combined notional value of €423.2 million and a fair value of $68.2 million.

We excluded the interest accruals on the swaps from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognize the interest accruals in earnings within interest expense. For each reporting period, the change in the fair value of the swap attributable to changes in the spot rate and differences between the change in the fair value of the excluded components and the amounts recognized in earnings under the swap accrual process were reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") on our consolidated balance sheets. For the period ended December 31, 2022, an interest accrual of$8.5 million was recognized within interest expense in our consolidated statements of income.

The cumulative net investment hedge (gain) loss, net of deferred taxes, under cross-currency swaps recorded in AOCL on our consolidated balance sheets are summarized below:

(1) Change in the fair value of the swaps attributable to changes in spot rates.

(2) Change in the fair value of the swaps due to changes other than those attributable to spot rates.

10. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Where available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, valuation models may be applied. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets are categorized by hierarchical levels based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair values. Recurring fair value measurements are limited to investments in derivative instruments and contingent consideration arising from the recently completed MOGAS acquisition. The fair value measurements of our derivative instruments are determined using models that maximize the use of the observable market inputs including interest rate curves and both forward and spot prices for currencies, and are classified as Level II under the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of our derivatives are included above in Note 9, "Derivatives and Hedging Activities." The fair value of the MOGAS related contingent consideration was determined based on contractual provisions set forth in the purchase agreement.

The carrying value of our financial instruments as reflected in our consolidated balance sheets approximates fair value, with the exception of our long-term debt. The estimated fair value of our long-term debt, excluding the Senior Notes, approximates the carrying value and is determined using Level II inputs under the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of our debt is included in Note 13, "Debt and Finance Lease Obligations." The estimated fair value of our Senior Notes at December 31, 2024 was $879.4 million compared to the carrying value of$991.5 million. The estimated fair value of the Senior Notes is based on Level I quoted market rates. The carrying amounts of our other financial instruments (e.g., cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net and accounts payable and short-term debt) approximated fair value due to their short-term nature at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

11. DETAILS OF CERTAIN CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET CAPTIONS

The following tables present financial information of certain consolidated balance sheets captions.

Accounts Receivable, net —Accounts receivable, net were:

Property, Plant and Equipment, net —Property, plant and equipment, net were:

Accrued Liabilities —Accrued liabilities were:

"Other" accrued liabilities include professional fees, lease obligations, insurance, interest, freight, accrued cash dividends payable, legal and environmental matters, derivative liabilities, restructuring reserves and other items, none of which individually exceed 5% of current liabilities.

Retirement Obligations and Other Liabilities —Retirement obligations and other liabilities were:

"Other" includes derivative liabilities, deferred compensation liabilities, asset retirement obligations, insurance-related liabilities and other items, none of which exceed 5% of total liabilities.

12. EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS

We occasionally enter into joint venture arrangements with local country partners as our preferred means of entry into countries where barriers to entry may exist. Similar to our consolidated subsidiaries, these unconsolidated joint ventures generally operate within our primary businesses of designing, manufacturing, assembling and distributing fluid motion and control products and services. We have agreements with certain of these joint ventures that restrict us from otherwise entering the respective market and certain joint ventures produce and/or sell our products as part of their broader product offering. Net earnings from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is reported in net earnings from affiliates in our consolidated statements of income. Given the integrated role of the unconsolidated joint ventures in our business, net earnings from affiliates is presented as a component of operating income.

As of December 31, 2024, we had investments infive joint ventures, one located in each of Chile, India, Saudi Arabia, South Korea and the United Arab Emirates that were accounted for using the equity method and are immaterial for disclosure purposes.

13. DEBT AND FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS

Debt, including finance lease obligations, net of discounts and debt issuance costs, consisted of:

Scheduled maturities of our Senior Notes and other debt, are (amounts in thousands):

Senior Credit Facility

On September 13, 2021, we amended and restated our credit agreement (the "Senior Credit Agreement") under our Senior Credit Facility (the "Credit Facility") with Bank of America, N.A. and the other lenders to provide greater flexibility in maintaining adequate liquidity and access to available borrowings. The Senior Credit Agreement, (i) retained, from the previous credit agreement, the $800.0 million unsecured Revolving Credit Facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), which includes a $750.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $30.0 million sublimit for swing line loans, (ii) provides for an up to $300.0 million unsecured Term Loan Facility (the "Term Loan"), (iii) extends the maturity date of the agreement to September 13, 2026, (iv) reduces commitment fees, (v) extends net leverage ratio covenant definition through the maturity of the agreement, and (vi) provides the ability to make certain adjustments to the otherwise applicable commitment fee, interest rate and letter of credit fees based on the Company’s performance against to-be-established key performance indicators with respect to certain of the Company’s environmental, social and governance targets.

On February 3, 2023, we amended our Senior Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) to (i) replace LIBOR with Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as the benchmark reference rate, (ii) lower the Material Acquisition (as defined in the Senior Credit Agreement) threshold from $250.0 million to $200.0 million and (iii) extend compliance dates for certain financial covenants.

On October 10, 2024, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement") with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders (together, the "Lenders") and letter of credit issuers party thereto to (i) retain from the Senior Credit Agreement the $800.0 million Revolving Credit Facility, and the right, subject to certain conditions including Lenders approval of such increase, to increase the amount of such Revolving Credit Facility by an aggregate amount not to exceed $400.0 million, (ii) increase our Term Loan from $300.0 million to $500.0 million, and (iii) extend the maturity date to October 10, 2029. We believe this Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will provide greater flexibility and additional liquidity as we continue to pursue our business goals and strategy. Most other terms and conditions under the previous Senior Credit Agreement remained unchanged.

Under the terms and conditions of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the interest rates per annum applicable to the Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan, other than with respect to swing line loans, are adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Adjusted Term SOFR") plus between 1.000% to 1.750%, depending on our debt rating by either Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") or Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC ("S&P"), or, at our option, the Base Rate (as defined in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) plus between 0.000% to 0.750% depending on our debt rating by either Moody’s or S&P. At December 31, 2024, the interest rate on the Revolving Credit Facility was the Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.375% in the case of Adjusted Term SOFR loans and the Base Rate plus 0.375% in the case of Base Rate loans. In addition, a commitment fee is payable quarterly in arrears on the daily unused portions of the Revolving Credit Facility. The commitment fee will be between 0.080% and 0.250% of unused amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility depending on our debt rating by either Moody’s or S&P. The commitment fee was 0.175% (per annum) during the period ended December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024, the interest rate on the

Term Loan was Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.375% in the case of Adjusted Term SOFR loans and the Base Rate plus 0.250% in the case of Base Rate loans.

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we hadno revolving loans outstanding. We had outstanding letters of credit of $144.0 million and $127.1 million at December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. After consideration of the outstanding letters of credit as of December 31, 2024, the amount available for borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility was limited to $656.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, the amount available for borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility was $672.9 million. We have scheduled repayments of $9.4 million, on the Term Loan, due in each of the subsequent four quarters through December 31, 2025.

Financial Covenants — Our compliance with the financial covenants under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are tested quarterly. We were in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2024.

14. PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS

We sponsor several noncontributory defined benefit pension plans, covering substantially all U.S. employees and certain non-U.S. employees, which provide benefits based on years of service, age, job grade levels and type of compensation. Retirement benefits for all other covered employees are provided through contributory pension plans, cash balance pension plans and government-sponsored retirement programs. All funded defined benefit pension plans receive funding based on independent actuarial valuations to provide for current service and an amount sufficient to amortize unfunded prior service over periods not to exceed 30 years, with funding falling within the legal limits prescribed by prevailing regulation. We also maintain unfunded defined benefit plans that, as permitted by local regulations, receive funding only when benefits become due.

Our defined benefit plan strategy is to ensure that current and future benefit obligations are adequately funded in a cost-effective manner. Additionally, our investing objective is to achieve the highest level of investment performance that is compatible with our risk tolerance and prudent investment practices. Because of the long-term nature of our defined benefit plan liabilities, our funding strategy is based on a long-term perspective for formulating and implementing investment policies and evaluating their investment performance.

The asset allocation of our defined benefit plans reflects our decision about the proportion of the investment in equity and fixed income securities, and, where appropriate, the various sub-asset classes of each. At least annually, we complete a comprehensive review of our asset allocation policy and the underlying assumptions, which includes our long-term capital markets rate of return assumptions and our risk tolerances relative to our defined benefit plan liabilities.

The expected rates of return on defined benefit plan assets are derived from review of the asset allocation strategy, expected long-term performance of asset classes, risks and other factors adjusted for our specific investment strategy. These rates are impacted by changes in general market conditions, but because they are long-term in nature, short-term market changes do not significantly impact the rates.

Our U.S. defined benefit plan assets consist of a portfolio of equity and fixed income securities. Our non-U.S. defined benefit plan assets include a significant concentration of United Kingdom fixed income securities. We monitor investment allocations and manage plan assets to maintain acceptable levels of risk.

For all periods presented, we used a measurement date of December 31 for each of our U.S. pension plans, non-U.S. pension plans and postretirement medical plans.

U.S. Defined Benefit Plans

We maintain qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans in the U.S. The qualified plan provides coverage for substantially all full-time U.S. employees who receive benefits, up to an earnings threshold specified by the U.S. Department of Labor. The non-qualified plans primarily cover a small number of employees including current and former members of senior management, providing them with benefit levels equivalent to other participants, but that are otherwise limited by U.S. Department of Labor rules. The U.S. plans are designed to operate as "cash balance" arrangements, under which the employee has the option to take a lump sum payment at the end of their service. The difference between total accumulated benefit obligation and total projected benefit obligation ("Benefit Obligation") is immaterial.

In August 2023, we amended the Company-sponsored qualified defined benefit pension plan in the United States (the "Qualified Plan") for non-union employees to discontinue future benefit accruals under the Qualified Plan and freeze existing accrued benefits effective January 1, 2025. Benefits earned by participants under the Qualified Plan prior to January 1, 2025, are not affected. We also amended the Company-sponsored non-qualified defined benefit pension plan in the United States (the "Non-Qualified Plan") that provides enhanced retirement benefits to select members of management. The Qualified Plan and the Non-Qualified plan were closed to new entrants effective January 1, 2024, and September 1, 2023, respectively. The amendments resulted in a curtailment of both plans during the year ended December 31, 2023. The curtailment loss incurred and the change in projected benefit obligation was immaterial.

In conjunction with the amendment of the Qualified Plan, the Organization and Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors approved certain transition benefits associated with freezing the Qualified Plan. In January 2025, a one-time cash transition benefit was paid to a limited group of employees in the United States that met certain criteria. We recorded a $5.0 million liability for the period ended December 31, 2024, which is included within accrued liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet to recognize this obligation, with corresponding expense included within COS and SG&A in our consolidated statements of income. We also issued approximately the same amount of value in the form of restricted shares to an additional group of employees in the United States in January 2025. The restricted shares are subject to three year cliff-vesting.

The following are assumptions related to the U.S. defined benefit pension plans:

At December 31, 2024 as compared with December 31, 2023, we increased our discount rate from 5.41% to 5.73% based on an analysis of publicly traded investment grade U.S. corporate bonds, which had a higher yield due tocurrent market conditions. In determining 2024 expense, the expected rate of return on U.S. plan assets is 6.00%, primarily based on our target allocations and expected long-term asset returns. The long-term rate of return assumption is calculated using a quantitative approach that utilizes historical returns and asset allocation as inputs for the calculation. For all U.S. plans, we adopted the Pri-2012 mortality tables and the MP-2021 improvement scale published in October 2021. We applied the Pri-2012 tables based on the constituency of our plan population for union and non-union participants. We adjusted the improvement scale to utilize the Proxy SSA Long Term Improvement Rates, consistent with assumptions adopted by the Social Security Administration trustees, based on long-term historical experience. Currently, we believe this approach provides the best estimate of our future obligation. Most plan participants elect to receive plan benefits as a lump sum at the end of service, rather than an annuity. As such, the updated mortality tables had an immaterial effect on our pension obligation.

Net pension expense for the U.S. defined benefit pension plans (including both qualified and non-qualified plans) was:

The following summarizes the net pension (liability) asset for U.S. plans:

The following summarizes amounts recognized in the balance sheet for U.S. plans:

The following is a summary of the changes in the U.S. defined benefit plans’ pension obligations:

(1)The actuarial gain in 2024 and loss in 2023 primarily reflect the impact of changes in the discount rate. The increase in the interest crediting rate assumption also contributed to the actuarial loss in 2023.

The following table summarizes the expected cash benefit payments for the U.S. defined benefit pension plans in the future (amounts in millions):

The following table shows the change in accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to the components of the net cost and the change in Benefit Obligations for U.S. plans, net of tax:

The following is a reconciliation of the U.S. defined benefit pension plans’ assets:

We contributed$20.7 million and $3.1 million to the U.S. defined benefit pension plans during 2024 and 2023, respectively.

All U.S. defined benefit plan assets are held by the qualified plan. The asset allocations for the qualified plan at the end of 2024 and 2023 by asset category, are as follows:

None of our common stock is directly held by our qualified plan. Our investment strategy is to earn a long-term rate of return consistent with an acceptable degree of risk and minimize our cash contributions over the life of the plan, while taking into account the liquidity needs of the plan. We preserve capital through diversified investments in high quality securities. Our current allocation target is to invest approximately 42% of plan assets in equity securities and 57% in fixed income securities. Within each investment category, assets are allocated to various investment strategies. Professional money management firms manage our assets, and we engage a consultant to assist in evaluating these activities. We periodically review the allocation target, generally in conjunction with an asset and liability study and in consideration of our future cash flow needs. We regularly rebalance the actual allocation to our target investment allocation.

Plan assets are invested in commingled funds. Our "Pension and Investment Committee" is resp onsible for setting the investment strategy and the target asset allocation for the plan's assets. As the qualified plan approached fully funded status, we implemented a Liability-Driven Investing ("LDI") strategy, which more closely aligns the duration of the plan's assets with the duration of its liabilities. The LDI strategy results in an asset portfolio that more closely matches the behavior of the liability, thereby reducing the volatility of the plan's funded status.

The plan’s financial instruments, shown below, are presented at fair value. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies and Accounting Developments," for further discussion on how the hierarchical levels of the fair values of the Plan’s investments are determined. The fair values of our U.S. defined benefit plan assets were:

(a)Global Equity fund seeks to closely track the performance of the MSCI All Country World Index.

(b)Global Real Asset funds seek to provide exposure to the listed global real estate investment trusts and infrastructure markets.

(c)Diversified Credit funds seek to provide exposure to the high yield, emerging markets, bank loans and securitized credit markets.

(d)LDI funds seek to invest in high quality fixed income securities that collectively closely match those found in discount curves used to value the plan's liabilities.

Non-U.S. Defined Benefit Plans

We maintain defined benefit pension plans, which cover some or all of our employees in the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, The Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The assets of the plans in the United Kingdom (two plans), The Netherlands and Canada represent 87% of the total non-U.S. plan assets ("non-U.S. assets"). Details of other countries’ plan assets have not been provided due to immater iality.

The following are assumptions related to the non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:

At December 31, 2024, as compared with December 31, 2023, we increased our average discount rate for non-U.S. plans from 4.22% to 4.71% based on analysis of bonds and other publicly traded instruments, by country, which had higher yields due to market conditions. To determine 2024 pension expense, our average expected rate of return on plan assets increased to 4.65% based on our target allocations and expected long-term asset returns. As the expected rate of return on plan assets is long-term in nature, short-term market fluctuations do not significantly impact the rate.

Many of our non-U.S. defined benefit plans are unfunded, as permitted by local regulation. The expected long-term rate of return on assets for funded plans was determined by assessing the rates of return for each asset class and is calculated using a quantitative approach that utilizes unadjusted historical returns and asset allocation as inputs for the calculation. We work with our actuaries to determine the reasonableness of our long-term rate of return assumptions by looking at several factors including historical returns, expected future returns, asset allocation, risks by asset class and other items.

Net pension expense for non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was:

The following summarizes the net pension liability for non-U.S. plans:

The following summarizes amounts recognized in the balance sheet for non-U.S. plans:

The following is a reconciliation of the non-U.S. plans’ defined benefit pension obligations:

(1)Actuarial losses (gains) primarily reflects the impact of changes in the discount rates for all plans.

(2)In 2024, the currency translation gain reflects the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Euro and the British pound, while in 2023, the currency translation loss reflects the weakening of the U.S. dollar against the Euro and the British pound.

(3)Includes $13.6 million for Middle East Pension Plans and $0.6 million for settlements.

The following table summarizes the expected cash benefit payments for the non-U.S. defined benefit plans in the future (amounts in millions):

The following table shows the change in accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to the components of the net cost and the change in Benefit Obligations for non-U.S. plans, net of tax:

The following is a reconciliation of the non-U.S. plans’ defined benefit pension assets:

In 2024, the U.K. and The Netherlands plans contributed to the decrease in plan assets. The U.K. and The Netherlands pension plans contributed to the change in the non-U.S. plan assets due to higher asset returns in 2023. Our contributions to non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans in 2025 are expected to be approximately$2 million, excluding direct benefits paid.

The asset allocations for the non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans at the end of 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

None of our common stock is held directly by these plans. In all cases, our investment strategy for these plans is to earn a long-term rate of return consistent with an acceptable degree of risk and minimize our cash contributions over the life of the plan, while taking into account the liquidity needs of the plan and the legal requirements of the particular country. We preserve capital through diversified investments in high quality securities.

Asset allocation differs by plan based upon the plan’s benefit obligation to participants, as well as the results of asset and liability studies that are conducted for each plan and in consideration of our future cash flow needs. Professional money management firms manage plan assets and we engage a consultant in the United Kingdom to assist in evaluation of these activities. The assets of the U.K. plans are overseen by a group of Trustees who review the investment strategy, asset allocation and fund selection. These assets are passively managed as they are invested in index funds that attempt to match the performance of the specified benchmark index.

The fair values of the non-U.S. assets were:

(a)U.K. Government Gilt Index represents U.K. government issued fixed income investments which are passively managed to track their respective benchmarks.

(b)LDI seeks to invest in fixed income securities that collectively closely match those found in discount curves used to value the plan's liabilities.

(c)Multi-asset seeks an attractive risk-adjusted return by investing in a diversified portfolio of strategies, including equities and fixed income.

(d)The Buy-in Contracts ("Contract" or "Contracts") represent assets held by plans, whereby the cost of providing benefits to plan participants is funded by the Contract. The Contracts are held by the plans for the benefit of plan participants in the Netherlands and United Kingdom. The fair value of these assets are based on the current present value of accrued benefits and will fluctuate based on changes in the obligations associated with covered plan members as well as the assumptions used in the present value calculation. The fair value of assets held in the Netherlands Contract as of January 1, 2024 was $16.9 million, with benefit payments of $1.0 million, contributions and return on assets of $0.3 million and negative currency adjustments of $1.0 million resulting in a fair value of $15.2 million at December 31, 2024. Similarly, the fair value of asset held in the U.K. plan Contract as of January 1, 2024 was $14.8 million, with benefit payments of $1.0 million, return on assets of $1.9 million and negative currency adjustments of $0.3 million resulting in a fair value of $15.4 million at December 31, 2024. There were no material transfers into or out of Level III.

(e)Includes assets held by plans outside the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Canada. Details of each plan have not been provided due to immateriality. The fair value of the assets as of January 1, 2024 was $20.9 million, with contributions of $10.5 million, payments of $9.2 million, settlements and return on assets of $1.1 million and negative currency adjustments of $2.2 million resulting in a fair value of $21.1 million at December 31, 2024. There were no material transfers into or our of Level III.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets

The following summarizes key pension plan information regarding U.S. and non-U.S. plans whose accumulated benefit obligations exceed the fair value of their respective plan assets.

Postretirement Medical Plans

We sponsor several defined benefit postretirement medical plans covering certain current retirees and a limited number of future retirees in the United States. These plans provide for medical and dental benefits and are administered through insurance companies and health maintenance organizations. The plans include participant contributions, deductibles, co-insurance provisions and other limitations and are integrated with Medicare and other group plans. We fund the plans as benefits and health maintenance organization premiums are paid, such that the plans hold no assets in any period presented. Accordingly, we have no investment strategy or targeted allocations for plan assets. Benefits under our postretirement medical plans are not available to new employees or most existing employees.

The following are assumptions related to postretirement benefits:

The assumed ranges for the annual rates of increase in medical costs used to determine net expense were 7.00% for 2024,7.00% for 2023 and 7.25% for 2022, with a gradual decrease to 5.00% for 2032 and future years.

Net postretirement benefit cost for postretirement medical plans was:

The following summarizes the accrued postretirement benefits liability for the postretirement medical plans:

The following summarizes amounts recognized in the balance sheet for postretirement Benefit Obligation:

The following is a reconciliation of the postretirement Benefit Obligation:

The following presents expected benefit payments for future periods (amounts in millions):

The following table shows the change in accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to the components of the net cost and the change in Benefit Obligations for postretirement benefits, net of tax:

We made contributions to the postretirement medical plans to pay benefits of$1.1 million in 2024, $1.6 million in 2023 and $2.4 million in 2022. Because the postretirement medical plans are unfunded, we make contributions as the covered individuals’ claims are approved for payment. Accordingly, contributions during any period are directly correlated to the benefits paid.

Defined Contribution Plans

We sponsor several defined contribution plans covering substantially all U.S. and Canadian employees and certain other non-U.S. employees. Employees may contribute to these plans, and these contributions are matched in varying amounts by us, including discretionary matching contributions. Defined contribution plan expense was $29.8 million in 2024, $23.6 million in 2023 and $21.9 million in 2022.

15. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following is a reconciliation of net earnings of Flowserve Corporation and weighted average shares for calculating net earnings per common share. Earnings per weighted average common share outstanding was calculated as follows:

Diluted earnings per share above is based upon the weighted average number of shares as determined for basic earnings per share plus shares potentially issuable in conjunction with stock options and Restricted Shares.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, unvested restricted shares of 12,840,118,781 and 118,334, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect of their exercise would be anti-dilutive.

16. LEGAL MATTERS AND CONTINGENCIES

Asbestos-Related Claims

We are a defendant in a substantial number of lawsuits that seek to recover damages for personal injury allegedly caused by exposure to asbestos-containing products manufactured and/or distributed by our heritage companies in the past. Typically, these lawsuits have been brought against multiple defendants in state and federal courts. While the overall number of asbestos-related claims in which we or our predecessors have been named has generally declined in recent years, the number of new claims may fluctuate or increase between periods, and there can be no assurance that total outstanding claims will continue to decline, or that the average cost per claim to us will not further increase. Asbestos-containing materials incorporated into any such products were encapsulated and used as internal components of process equipment, and we do not believe that significant emission of asbestos fibers occurred during the use of this equipment.

Our practice is to vigorously contest and resolve these claims, and we have been successful in resolving a majority of claims with little or no payment, other than legal fees. Activity related to asbestos claims during the periods indicated was as follows:

(1) Beginning and ending claims data in each period excludes inactive claims, as the Company assumes that inactive cases will not be pursued further by the respective plaintiffs. A claim is classified as inactive either due to inactivity over a period of time or if designated as inactive by the applicable court.

(2) Represents the net change in claims as a result of the reclassification of active cases as inactive and inactive cases as active during the period indicated. Cases moved from active to inactive status are removed from the claims count without being accounted for as a "Resolved claim", and cases moved from inactive status to active status are added back to the claims count without being accounted for as a “New claim”.

The following table presents the changes in the estimated asbestos liabilityas of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

The Company incurred expenses(net of insurance) of approximately $22.7 million, $22.1 million and $14.8 million during the periods ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to defend, resolve or otherwise dispose of outstanding claims, including legal and other related expenses. These expenses are included within SG&A in the consolidated statements of income.

The Company had cash inflows/(outflows) (net of insurance and/or indemnity) to defend, resolve or otherwise dispose of outstanding claims, including legal and other related expenses of approximately $(7.9) million, $(18.4) million and $4.2 million during the periods ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Historically, a high percentage of resolved claims have been covered by applicable insurance or indemnities from other companies, and we believe that a portion of existing claims should continue to be covered by insurance or indemnities, in whole or in part.

We believe that our reserve for asbestos claims and the receivable for recoveries from insurance carriers that we have recorded for these claims reflect reasonable and probable estimates of these amounts. Our estimate of our ultimate exposure for asbestos claims, however, is subject to significant uncertainties, including the timing and number and types of new claims, unfavorable court rulings, judgments or settlement terms and ultimate costs to settle. Additionally, the continued viability of carriers, may also impact the amount of probable insurance recoveries. We believe that these uncertainties could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, though we currently believe the likelihood is remote.

Additionally, we have claims pending against certain insurers that, if in future periods are resolved more favorably than reflected in the recorded receivables, would result in discrete gains in the applicable year.

Other

We are currently involved as a potentially responsible party atfive former public waste disposal sites in various stages of evaluation or remediation. The projected cost of remediation at these sites, as well as our alleged "fair share" allocation, will remain uncertain until all studies have been completed and the parties have either negotiated an amicable resolution or the matter has been judicially resolved. At each site, there are many other parties who have similarly been identified. Many of the other parties identified are financially strong and solvent companies that appear able to pay their share of the remediation costs. Based on our information about the waste disposal practices at these sites and the environmental regulatory process in general, we believe that it is likely that ultimate remediation liability costs for each site will be apportioned among all liable parties, including site owners and waste transporters, according to the volumes and/or toxicity of the wastes shown to have been disposed of at the sites. We believe that our financial exposure for existing disposal sites will not be materially in excess of accrued reserves.

We are also a defendant in a number of other lawsuits, including product liability claims, that are insured, subject to the applicable deductibles, arising in the ordinary course of business, and we are also involved in other uninsured routine litigation incidental to our business. We currently believe none of such litigation, either individually or in the aggregate, is material to our business, operations or overall financial condition. However, litigation is inherently unpredictable, and resolutions or dispositions of claims or lawsuits by settlement or otherwise could have an adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the reporting period in which any such resolution or disposition occurs.

Although none of the aforementioned potential liabilities can be quantified with absolute certainty except as otherwise indicated above, we have established or adjusted reserves covering exposures relating to contingencies, to the extent believed to be reasonably estimable and probable based on past experience and available facts. While additional exposures beyond these reserves could exist, they currently cannot be estimated. We will continue to evaluate and update the reserves as necessary and appropr iate.

17. WARRANTY RESERVE

We have recorded reserves for product warranty claims that are included in current liabilities. The following is a summary of the activity in the warranty reserve:

18. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Dividends– Generally, our dividend date-of-record is in the last month of the quarter, and the dividend is paid the following month. Any subsequent dividends will be reviewed by our Board of Directors and declared at its discretion.

Dividends declared per share were as follows:

Share Repurchase Program– In 2014, our Board of Directors approved a $500.0 million share repurchase authorization. As of December 31, 2023, we had $96.1 million of remaining capacity under the prior share repurchase authorization. Effective February 19, 2024, the Board of Directors approved an increase in our total remaining capacity

under the share repurchase program to $300.0 million. Our share repurchase program does not have an expiration date, and we reserve the right to limit or terminate the repurchase program at any time without notice.

We repurchased 423,785 shares of our outstanding common stock for $20.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared tono repurchases of shares during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. As of December 31, 2024, we had $279.9 million of remaining capacity under our current share repurchase program.

19. INCOME TAXES

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following:

The provision for income taxes differs from the statutory corporate rate due to the following:

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Reform Act”), which provided the base-erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) provision which effectively creates a new minimum tax on certain deductible payments to foreign affiliates. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we arenot subject to BEAT tax, and the previously recorded 2021 BEAT tax was reversed in 2022 following finalization of the 2021 U.S. federal income tax return.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the change in net foreign impact is driven mainly by the expiration of 2019 Hungarian net operating loss that is fully offset in the change in valuation allowance by $54.2 million (see discussion below).

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the change in valuation allowances is driven mainly by the release of the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets by $18.9 million in Brazil, $14.6 million in France. The Company determined that the net deferred tax assets in Brazil and France are realizable based on recent history of profitability and future income projections.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the change in valuation allowances is driven mainly by the release of the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets by $13.2 million in Germany, $22.4 million in Mexico and $44.4 million release of the valuation allowance on our U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards on general category income partially offset by a valuation allowance establishment of $13.6 million in Argentina. The Company determined that the net deferred tax assets in Germany and Mexico are realizable based on recent history of profitability and future income projections. In addition, we determined that the U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards on general category income were realizable based on the development of a tax planning strategy.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 we have asserted indefinite reinvestment on certain earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2024, we have not recorded approximately $35.7 million of deferred tax liabilities associated with remaining unremitted earnings considered indefinitely reinvested, specifically related to foreign withholding taxes that would be due upon repatriation of the designated earnings to the U.S. While the company has estimated the foreign withholding tax impact related to distributing earnings currently deemed permanently reinvested, the calculation of the potential U.S. tax consequences associated with the distribution of earnings currently deemed permanently reinvested is impracticable.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the consolidated deferred tax assets and liabilities were:

We had $747.1 million of U.S. and foreign net operating loss carryforwards at December 31, 2024. Of this total, $9.9 million are state net operating losses. State net operating losses generated in the United States, if unused, will expire in 2027. $214.0 million of our foreign net operating losses carry forward without expiration. The majority of our Hungarian net operating loss of $430.2 million that has a full valuation allowance (see discussion below), if unused, will expire in 2025 and 2028. The remaining foreign net operating losses of $93.0 million that do not carry forward without expiration, if unused, will expire between 2025-2044. Additionally, we had $67.4 million of foreign tax credit carryforwards at December 31, 2024, that have a valuation allowance on the foreign branch category income (see discussion below), if unused, will expire between 2028-2034.

The following schedule presents the changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowance as follows:

(1)Deductions from reserve result from the release of valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, expiration or utilization of net operating losses and foreign tax credits previously reserved. Additions to reserve result from the establishment of valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, generation of net operating losses and foreign tax credits.

The Company maintains a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets in certain foreign jurisdictions as of December 31, 2024. As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative that could affect its view of the future realization of net deferred tax assets. We assess our forecast of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets in determining the sufficiency of our valuation allowances. Failure to achieve forecasted taxable income in the applicable tax jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets and could result in an increase in our effective tax rate on future earnings. It is possible there may be sufficient positive evidence to release a portion of the remaining valuation allowance in those foreign jurisdictions. Release of the valuation allowance would result in a benefit to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded, which could have a material impact on net earnings. The timing and amount of the potential valuation allowance release are subject to significant management judgment and the level of profitability achieved.

Our valuation allowances primarily relate to the deferred tax assets established for U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards on foreign branch category income of $54.1 million, Hungarian net operating loss carryforward of $38.7 million, a foreign capital loss carryforward of $93.3 million, and other foreign deferred tax assets of $64.7 million. The Hungarian net operating loss carryforward was a result of a local statutory impairment of investments in subsidiaries in 2021. It is more likely than not that the loss will not be utilized within its five year carryforward period and, therefore, has a full valuation allowance. The foreign capital loss carryforward was the result of a reorganization of certain foreign subsidiaries in 2019. Due to its capital nature, it is more likely than not that the loss will not be utilized within its ten year carryforward period and, therefore, has a full valuation allowance.

Earnings before income taxes comprised:

A tabular reconciliation of the total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, is as follows (in millions):

The amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2024, was $71.3 million, which includes $25.2 million of accrued interest and penalties. Of this amount $54.3 million, if recognized, would favorably impact our effective tax rate.

With limited exception, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax audits for years through 2017, state and local income tax audits for years through 2018 or non-U.S. income tax audits for years through 2017. We are currently under examination for various years in Austria, Canada, China, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, the Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Switzerland, the United States and Venezuela.

It is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months the effective tax rate will be impacted by the resolution of some or all of the matters audited by various taxing authorities. It is also reasonably possible that we will have the statute of limitations close in various taxing jurisdictions within the next 12 months. As such, we estimate we could record a reduction in our tax expense up to approximately $4 million within the next 12 months.

On December 20, 2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) released the Model GloBE Rules for Pillar Two defining a 15% global minimum tax rate for large multinational corporations. Many countries continue to consider changes in their tax laws and regulations based on the Pillar Two proposals. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of these proposed and enacted legislative changes as new guidance becomes available. Some of these legislative changes could result in double taxation of our non-U.S. earnings, a reduction in the tax benefit received from our tax incentives, or other impacts to our effective tax rate and tax liabilities. As of December 31, 2024, the company is not expecting material impacts under currently enacted legislation.

20. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

Our business segments, which are the same as our reportable segments, share a focus on industrial flow control technology and have a high number of common customers. These segments also have complementary product offerings and technologies that are often combined in applications that provide us a net competitive advantage. Our segments also benefit from our global footprint and our economies of scale in reducing administrative and overhead costs to serve customers more cost effectively.

We conduct our operations throughtwo business segments based on type of product and how we manage the business:

•FPD for highly custom engineered pumps, pre-configured industrial pumps, pump systems, mechanical seals, auxiliary systems and replacement parts and related services; and

•FCD for engineered-to-order and configured-to-order isolation values, control valves, valve automation products and related equipment.

Our corporate headquarters does not constitute a separate division or business segment. Amounts classified as "Eliminations and All Other" include corporate headquarters costs and other minor entities that do not constitute separate segments. Inter segment sales and transfers are recorded at cost plus a profit margin, with the sales and related margin on such sales eliminated in consolidation.

Flowserve's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is the chief executive officer.

The CODM uses segment operating income or loss for both the FPD and FCD segments in the annual budget and forecasting process. The CODM considers budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis when making decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the segments.

The following is a summary of the financial information of our reportable segments as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 reconciled to the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements.

(1) Other segment items comprises Net Earnings from Affiliates as well as the Loss on sale of business of $13 million recorded in the FCD segment in the second quarter of 2024 related to disposal of the NAF AB control valves business.

(2) Other segment items comprises Net Earnings from Affiliates.

The following are reconciliations from total segment operating income to earnings before income tax reported in the consolidated income statement.

Geographic Information — We attribute sales to different geographic areas based on our facilities’ locations. Long-lived assets are classified based on the geographic area in which the assets are located and exclude deferred taxes, goodwill and intangible assets. Sales and long-lived assets by geographic area are as follows:

(1)"EMA" includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The United Kingdom accounted for approximately 10% for 2024,11% for 2023 and 10% for 2022, of consolidated long-lived assets. No other individual country within this group represents 10% or more of consolidated totals for any period presented.

(2)"Asia" includes Asia and Australia. No individual country within this group represents 10% ormore of consolidated totals for any period presented.

(3)"Other" includes Canada and Latin America. No individual country within this group repres ents 10% ormore of consolidated totals for any period presented.

Net sales to international customers, including export sales from the United States, represented approximately 64% of total sales in 2024 and 62% of total sales in both 2023 and 2022.

Major Customer Information — We have a large number of customers across a large number of manufacturing and service facilities and do not have sales to any individual customer that represent 10% or more of consolidated sales for any of the years presented.

21. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The following table presents the changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss ("AOCL"), net of related tax effects:

(1)Includes foreign currency translation adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests of $(7.3) million, $(7.0) million, $5.8 million and $4.6 million for December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Also includes the cumulative impacts from the changes in fair value of our cross-currency swaps, which were $49.0 million for December 31, 2022.

(2)Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications and amounts reclassified from AOCL to interest expense related to designated cash flow hedges.

(3)Amounts in parentheses indicate an increase to AOCL.

The following table presents the reclassifications out of AOCL:

(1) Amounts in parentheses indicate decreases to income. None of the reclassification amounts have a noncontrolling interest component.

(2) These AOCL components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 14, "Pension and Postretirements Benefits," for additional details.

22. REALIGNMENT PROGRAMS

In the second quarter of 2020, we identified and initiated certain realignment activities to right-size our organizational operations based on the current business environment, with the overall objective to reduce our workforce costs, including manufacturing optimization through the consolidation of certain facilities, referred to as the "2020 Realignment Program." As of December 31, 2022, the 2020 Realignment Program was substantially complete.

In the first quarter of 2023, we identified and initiated certain realignment activities concurrent with the consolidation of our FPD aftermarket and pump operations into a single operating model. This consolidated operating model is designed to better align our go-to-market strategy with our product offerings, enable end-to-end lifecycle responsibility and accountability, and to facilitate more efficient operations. During 2023, we also initiated certain product and portfolio optimization activities. Additionally, we committed to an estimated $50 million in cost reduction efforts to begin in 2023. Collectively, the above realignment activities are referred to as the "2023 Realignment Programs." The activities of the 2023 Realignment Programs were identified and implemented in phases throughout 2023 and 2024.

In the fourth quarter of 2024, we launched the complexity reduction ("CORE") program within the portfolio excellence category of the Flowserve Business System. The CORE program focuses on product rationalization and continuous improvement of our overall product portfolio and is referred to as the "CORE Realignment Program." Together with the 2023 Realignment Programs, all realignment activities initiated in 2023 and 2024 are referred to as the "2023 and CORE Realignment Programs." The realignment activities consist of restructuring and non-restructuring charges. Restructuring charges represent costs associated with the relocation of certain business activities and facility closures and include related severance costs. Non-restructuring charges are primarily employee severance associated with workforce reductions and professional service fees. Expenses are primarily reported in COS or SG&A, as applicable, in our consolidated statements of income. We currently anticipate a total investment in realignment activities that have been evaluated and initiated of approximately $134 million of which $45 million is estimated to be non-cash. There are certain remaining realignment activities that are currently being evaluated, but have not yet been approved and therefore are not included in the above anticipated total investment.

Generally, the aforementioned charges will be paid in cash, except for asset write-downs, which are non-cash charges. The following is a summary of total charges, net of adjustments, incurred related to our 2023 and CORE Realignment Programs:

(1) Loss on sale of business related to NAF AB control valves business as described within Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies and Accounting Developments," to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

The following is a summary of total charges, net of adjustments, incurred related to our 2020 Realignment Program:

The following is a summary of total inception to date charges, net of adjustments, related to the 2023 Realignment Programs:

(1) Loss on sale of business related to NAF AB control valves business as described within Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies and Accounting Developments," to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

The following is a summary of total inception to date charges, net of adjustments, related to the CORE Realignment Program:

Restructuring charges represent costs associated with the relocation or reorganization of certain business activities and facility closures and include costs related to employee severance at closed facilities, contract termination costs, asset write-downs and other costs. Severance costs primarily include costs associated with involuntary termination benefits. Contract termination costs include costs related to the termination of operating leases or other contract termination costs. Asset write-downs include accelerated depreciation or impairment of fixed assets, accelerated amortization or impairment of intangible assets, divestiture of certain non-strategic assets and inventory write-downs. Other costs generally include costs related to employee relocation, asset relocation, vacant facility costs (i.e., taxes and insurance) and other charges. Restructuring charges include charges related to approved, but not yet announced, facility closures.

The following is a summary of restructuring charges, net of adjustments, for our restructuring activities related to our 2023 Realignment Programs:

(1) Loss on sale of business related to NAF AB control valves business as described within Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies and Accounting Developments," to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

The following is a summary of restructuring charges, net of adjustments, for our restructuring activities related to our 2020 Realignment Program:

The following is a summary of total inception to date restructuring charges, net of adjustments, related to our 2023 Realignment Programs:

(1) Loss on sale of business related to NAF AB control valves business as described within Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies and Accounting Developments," to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

There are no restructuring charges related to our CORE Realignment Program.

The following represents the activity, primarily severance charges from reductions in workforce, related to the restructuring reserve for the 2023 Realignment Programs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: